The Hippopotamus Defense is the name for a variety of irregular chess opening systems in which Black moves his pawn number to sixth, often extending the piece to seventh, and not moving one of his pawns. to the fifth rank at the opening.
Video Hippopotamus Defence
Evaluation
Chess master and writer Fred Reinfeld once stated that "every expert player will reject Black's position as a loser." Grandmaster Reuben Fine, one of the strongest players in the world in the 1930s and 1940s, instructed his readers how to deal with "Unconditional Opening", writing that "once a plus in development or center is established, a well-done attack will decide."
Reinfeld, who died in 1964, may be surprised to see Black using the same successful development system in the 1966 world championship game. There, Boris Spassky used the same set-up, nicknamed "Hippopotamus" by commentators, in the 12th game and the 16th against the Petrosian Tigran World Champion. In both games Spassky develops his bishop into b7 and g7, and his knights become d7 and e7. (See diagram.) Both games end in a draw. (See game illustration below.)
In using this system against Petrosian, Spassky may be inspired by Slovak International Master Maximilian Ujtelky, who has experimented with similar openings for several years. Ujtelky's game as Black against Spassky in Sochi 1964, where he played the same setting Spassky was later adopted against Petrosian, is given below. Ujtelky even played more provocatively in some other matches, such as against the powerful International Rashid Nezhmetdinov Tuan in the same tournament (see diagram on the right). Nezhmetdinov sacrificed the pawn to move 26, 36, and 41, a knight on move 45, and a bishop moves 47 - and lost in 75 movements. Amatzai Avni, an FIDE Master and Israeli psychologist, has written Ujtelky's drama:
Basically, Ujtelky provokes his opponents to the extreme and waits for them to have a nervous breakdown. Sometimes he is slaughtered, at other times his scheme is fruitful.
International Master Andrew Martin has written on Hippopotamus, "The idea is that Black is growing in his first three races early in the game, he will build a solid, stable but flexible position, waiting to see what White is doing and reacting accordingly."
In his book at Hippo Attack & amp; Defense , Eric Briffoz writes:
Hippo somehow combines the benefits of Owen's defense (1... b6), along with the benefits of Modern Defense (1... g6).While Owen focuses on primarily controlling the white box of centers d5 and e4, Modern seeks to control the black on e5 and d4... "
Grandmaster Tiger Hillarp Persson Telah Menulis:
[T] he Hippo lay low in the water. It seems almost ridiculous and many theorists regard Hippo as a peaceful and almost gentle animal. But nothing could be further from the truth. On closer examination the animals, positions, and statistics look almost entirely different. Hippo is a beast; ready to destroy anyone who is too close.
Vlastimil Hort, Igor Glek and Mihai Suba were among the grandmasters who had hired Hippo, and Cyril Georgiev had used it as an anti-computer line. As mentioned above, IM Andrew Martin wrote a book, The Hippopotamus Rises: Reappearance of Chess Opening , about opening in 2005. See reviews here and here.
The term "Hippopotamus Defense" is also used by British amateur J. C. Thompson to describe the system he designed, in which Black plays c6, d6, e6, and f6; developing his knights, through h6, to f7; and not always his bishop's fianchetto. As White, Thompson plays this mirror image. Thompson advocated this system in his 1957 book The Opening of the Hippopotamus Chess . However, Martin writes that "frankly, his ideas have little value today".
Maps Hippopotamus Defence
Illustrative games
- Spassky vs. Ujtelky, Sochi 1964
1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 3.Nc3 a6 4.Nf3 d6 5.Bc4 e6 6.Bg5 Ne7 7.a4 h6 8.Be3 b6 9.0-0 Nd7 10.Re1 0 -0 11.Qd2 Kh7 12.Rad1 Bb7 13.Qe2 Qc8 14.Bf4 Rd8 15.h4 Nf8 16.Bb3 f6 17.Nb1 e5 18.Bc1 Ne6 19.c3 Rf8 20.Na3 f5? 21.dxe5 dxe5 22.Nxe5! Bxe5 23.exf5 Rxf5 24.Bc2 Rh5 ?? 25.Qxh5 1-0 - Petrosian vs. Spassky, 1966 World Championships (game 12)
1.Nf3 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.d4 d6 4.Nc3 Nd7 5.e4 e6 6.Be2 b6 7.0-0 Bb7 8.Be3 Ne7 9.Qc2 h6 10.Rad1 0-0 11.d5 e5 12.Qc1 Kh7 13.g3 f5 14.exf5 Nxf5 15.Bd3 Bc8 16.Kg2 Nf6 17.Ne4 Nh5 18.Bd2 Bd7 19.Kh1 Ne7 20.Nh4 Bh3 21.Rg1 Bd7 22.Be3 Qe8 23.Rde1 Qf7 24.Qc2 Kh8 25.Nd2 Nf5 26.Nxf5 gxf5 27.g4 e4 28.gxh5 f4 29.Rxg7 Qxg7 30.Rg1 Qe5 31.Nf3 exd3 32.Nxe5 dxc2 33.Bd4 dxe5 34.Bxe5 Kh7 35.Rg7 Kh8 36.Rg6 Kh7 37.Rg7 Kh8 38.Rg6 Kh7 39.Rg7 ½-½
- Petrosian vs. Spassky, 1966 World Championships (game 16)
1.d4 g6 2.e4 Bg7 3.Nf3 d6 4.Be2 e6 5.c3 Nd7 6.0-0 Ne7 7. Nbd2 b6 8.a4 a6 9.Re1 Bb7 10.Bd3 0-0 11.Nc4 Qe8 12.Bd2 f6 13.Qe2 Kh8 14.Kh1 Qf7 15.Ng1 e5 16.dxe5 fxe5 17.f3 Nc5 18.Ne3 Qe8 19. Bc2 a5 20.Nh3 Bc8 21.Nf2 Be6 22.Qd1 Qf7 23.Ra3 Bd7 24.Nd3 Nxd3 25.Bxd3 Bh6 26.Bc4 Qg7 27.Re2 Ng8 28.Bxg8 Rxg8 29.Nd5 Bxd2 30.Rxd2 Be6 31.b4 Qf7 32.Qe2 Ra7 33.Ra1 Rf8 34.b5 Raa8 35.Qe3 Rab8 36.Rf1 Qg7 37.Qd3 Rf7 38.Kg1 Rbf8 39.Ne3 g5 40.Rdf2 h5 41.c4 Qg6 42.Nd5 Rg8 43.Qe3 Kh7 44. Qd2 Rgg7 45.Qe3 Kg8 46.Rd2 Kh7 47.Rdf2 Rf8 48.Qd2 Rgf7 49.Qe3 ½-½ - Barczay vs. Ivkov, Sousse Interzonal 1967
1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 3.Nf3 d6 4.Bc4 a6 5.0-0 e6 6.Bg5? Ne7 7.Qd2 h6 8.Be3 Nd7 9.Nc3 b6 10.Rfe1 Bb7 11.a4 Nf6 12.e5? Nfd5 13.Bf4 Nxc3 14.Qxc3? (14.bxc3) 0-0 15.exd6 cxd6 16.Qa3 Nf5 17.c3? (17.Rad1) Bxf3 18.gxf3 e5! 19.Bg3 h5 20.dxe5 dxe5 21.Kh1 Qg5 0-1
Raymond Keene and G. S. Botterill commented, "Strength like Hippopotamus comes from the resilience of a narrow but undisturbed position, and the dangers White will run from 'trying too hard' and are tempted into a rash attack." They cite this game as an example of that phenomenon.
- Baburin vs. Miles, 4NCL, UK 2000
1.d4 e6 2.c4 b6 British Defense, but soon moved to Hippopotamus. 3.a3 g6 4.Nc3 Bg7 5.e4 Ne7 6.Nf3 Bb7 7.Bd3 d6 8.0-0 Nd7 9.Re1 h6 10.h3 a6 11.Be3 g5 12.Rc1 c5 13.d5 Ng6 14.Bc2 Qe7 15.Qd2 0-0 16.Rcd1 Nde5 17.Nxe5 Bxe5 18.Bd3 Qf6 19.Na4 Rab8 20.Nxb6 Bc8 21.Na4 If 21.Nxc8 Rxb2! 22 Qa5 Rxc8 23 Qxa6 Rcb8 followed by... Nf4 and... Bd4. Bd7 22.Nc3 Rb3 23.Rb1 Rfb8 24.Nd1 exd5 25.cxd5 Nf4 26.Bxf4 gxf4 27.Bc2 Rxh3! 28.gxh3 Kh8 29.f3 Rg8 30.Kh1 Qh4 0-1 (Note by John B. Henderson)
This is one of Miles's last games, and posthumously won the "Game of the Season" award.
- World Champion Kasparov played the Hippo defense (with success) in 2011 also against Nigel Short.
[Situs "Leuven"] [Tanggal "2011.10.09"] [EventDate "2011.10.09"] [Putaran "2"] [Hasil "1/2-1/2"] [Putih "Nigel Short"] [Hitam " Garry Kasparov "] [ECO" B06 "] 1. e4 g6 2. d4 Bg7 3. Nf3 d6 4. Bc4 e6 5. Bb3 Ne7 6. c3 b6 7. Be3 Bb7 8. Nbd2 Nd7 9. h3 h6 10. Qe2 a5 11. OO a4 12. Bc2 OO 13. Nh2 a3 14. b3 c5 15. Rad1 cxd4 16. cxd4 Nc6 17. Ndf3 Nb4 18. Bb1 Ba6 19. Qd2 Bxf1 20. Rxf1 Nc6 21. Bxh6 Nf6 22. Rd1 e5 23. Bxg7 Kxg7 24. Nf1 Qe7 25. d5 Nd4 26. Nxd4 exd4 27. Qxd4 Qe5 28. Qxe5 dxe5 29. Ne3 b5 30. Bd3 Rab8 31. f3 Rfc8 32. b4 Ne8 33. Nc2 Rc3 34. Kf2 Rbc8 35. Ne3 Nd6 36. Ke2 Rf8 37. Kd2 Rc7 38. g4 Rh8 39. Rh1 g5 40. Rh2 Kf6 41. Rh1 Ke7 42. Nc2 f6 43. Rh2 Rcc8 44. Bf1 Ra8 45. Kc3 Rhc8 46. Kb3 Rab8 47. h4 gxh4 48. Rxh4 Rh8 49. Rxh8 Rxh8 50. Nxa3 Rh1 51. Bxb5 1/2-1/2
Lihat juga
- Pertahanan hedgehog
- Daftar bukaan catur
Referensi
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Hippopotamus Meningkat: Munculnya Pembukaan Catur , Andrew Martin, Batsford Chess, 2005. ISBNÂ 0-7134-8989-8
- Mainkan Hippo, oleh IM Andrew Martin
- Panduan Mudah untuk Hippo Attack & amp; Pertahanan , Eric Briffoz, Platform Penerbitan Pribadi CreateSpace; 1 edisi (26 Juli 2017) ISBN: 1-9739-7442-8
Tautan eksternal
- Memulai pertahanan Hippopotamus
- Pembukaan yang Tidak Biasa: Video Hippo bagian 1 dan bagian 2 di YouTube
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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