Viruses are only able to replicate themselves by ordering cell reproductive devices and making them reproduce the viral genetic structure instead. Thus, the virus can not function or reproduce outside the cell, thus completely dependent on the host cell to survive. Most viruses are specific species, and the associated viruses usually only infect various plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi.
Video Viral life cycle
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Entri virus
In order for the virus to reproduce and thus form an infection, the virus must enter the cells of the host organism and use the cell material. To enter cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with cell proteins. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between viral particles and stem cell membranes. A hole is formed in the cell membrane, then a virus particle or its genetic content is released to the host cell, where viral genome replication can begin.
Virus replication
Next, the virus must control the host cell replication mechanism. At this stage the difference between the vulnerability and permisability of the host cell is made. Permissability determines the outcome of the infection. Once the control is set and the environment is set up so that the virus starts making copies of itself, replication happens quickly by millions.
Viral shedding
After the virus makes many copies of itself, it usually spends its resource cell. Host cells are now no longer useful for viruses, therefore cells often die and newly produced viruses must find new hosts. The process by which the viral offspring is released to find a new host, called shedding. This is the last stage in the viral life cycle.
Viral latency
Some viruses can "hide" inside the cell, either to avoid the defense of stem cells or the immune system, or simply because it is not in the best interest of the virus to continue replicating. This concealment is considered latency. During this time, the virus does not produce offspring, it remains inactive until external stimuli - such as light or stress - encourage it to activate.
Maps Viral life cycle
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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