Survey data collection

src: www.gisr.org

With the application of probability sampling in the 1930s, the survey became a standard tool for empirical research in the social sciences, marketing, and official statistics. The methods involved in collecting survey data are one of a number of ways in which data can be collected for statistical surveys. This is a method used to collect information from individual samples systematically. First there was a change from traditional paper and pencil interviews (PAPI) to computer-assisted interviews (CAI). Now, face-to-face (CAPI) surveys, phone surveys (CATI), and mail surveys (CASI, CSAQ) are increasingly being replaced by web surveys.

Video Survey data collection

Mode pengumpulan data

There are several ways to manage surveys. In a survey, different methods can be used for different sections. For example, the interviewer's administration can be used for general topics but self-administration for sensitive topics. The choice between administrative modes is influenced by several factors, including 1) cost, 2) target population coverage, 3) flexibility of asking questions, 4) respondents' willingness to participate and 5) promptness of responses. Various methods create a fashion effect that changes the way respondents answer. The most common administrative modes are listed under the following headings.

Mobile survey

Mobile data collection or cellular surveys is an increasingly popular method of data collection. More than 50% of today's surveys are open on mobile devices. Survey tools, forms, apps, or collections exist on mobile devices like smartphones or tablets. The device offers innovative ways to collect data, and eliminates the exhausting "data entry" (paper form data to the computer), which delayed the analysis and understanding of the data. By eliminating paper, mobile data collection can also dramatically reduce costs: one World Bank study in Guatemala found a 71% reduction in costs when using mobile data collection, compared to previous paper-based approaches.

SMS surveys can reach any handset, in any language and in any country. Because they do not rely on internet access and the answer can be sent when convenient, they are cellular survey data collection channels suitable for many situations that require a fast high volume response. As a result, SMS surveys can generate 80% response in less than 2 hours and often at a much lower cost than face-to-face surveys, due to the elimination of travel/personnel costs.

Despite the high penetration of mobile phones, further benefits are faster response times and the possibility of reaching previously difficult to reach target groups. In this way, mobile technology allows marketers, researchers, and entrepreneurs to create real and meaningful mobile engagement in an environment different from the traditional one in front of a desktop computer. However, even when using a mobile device to answer web surveys, most respondents still answer from home.

Online surveys

The online survey (Internet) is becoming an important research tool for various research areas, including marketing, social, and official statistics. According to research online survey ESOMAR accounted for 20% â € <â €

These issues, and potential solutions, are addressed in a number of sources.

Phone

• The use of the interviewer encourages the sample person to respond, leading to a higher response rate.
• The interviewer can improve the understanding of the questions by answering the respondent's question.
• Cost is quite efficient, depending on the structure of the cost of local calls
• Suitable for a large (or international) national sampling frame
• Some potential bias of the interviewer (eg, some may be more willing to discuss sensitive issues with female interviewers than with men)
• Can not be used for non-audio information (graphics, demonstrations, taste examples)
• Three types:
  • Regular phone interview
  • Computer help phone call
  • Computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI)

Mail

• Questionnaires may be submitted to the respondent or sent to them, but in all cases they are returned to the researcher by mail.
• The advantage is, the cost is very low, because cheap bulk shipping in most countries
• Long delays, often months, before the survey is returned and statistical analysis can begin
• Not appropriate for issues that may require clarification
• Respondents can answer as they wish (allowing them to break long surveys, also useful if they need to check records to answer questions)
• There is no interviewer bias
• Non-response bias can be corrected by cross-wave extrapolation
• A large amount of information can be obtained: multiple 50-page mail surveys
• The response rate can be improved by using the email panel
• The response rate can be increased by using a prepaid monetary incentive
• The response rate is affected by the mailing class through which the survey was sent
  • Panel members have agreed to participate
  • The panel can be used in elongated designs where the same respondent is surveyed multiple times

Face-to-face

• Suitable for location where phone or mail is not developed
• Potential for interviewer bias
• Easy to manipulate by finishing multiple times to reduce results

Mixed mode survey

Researchers can combine some of the above methods for data collection. For example, researchers can invite buyers in the mall, and send participants who are willing to the questionnaire via email. With the introduction of computers into the survey process, survey mode now includes a combination of various approaches or mixed mode designs. Some of the most common methods are:

• Personal computer-assisted interviews (CAPI): The computer displays the question on the screen, the interviewer reads it to the respondent, and then inputs the respondent's answer.
• Audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (CASI audio): The respondent operates the computer, the computer displays the question on the screen and plays the recording of the question to the respondent, which then inputs the answer.
• Computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI)
• Interactive Voice Response (IVR): The computer plays a recording of a question to the respondent over the phone, which then responds by using the phone key or saying the answer out loud.
• Web survey: Computers manage questions online.

Maps Survey data collection

See also

• Rating
• Comparison of survey software
• Data collection system

src: bmjopen.bmj.com

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia