Spanish verbs

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Spanish verbs form one of the more complex areas of Spanish grammar. Spanish is a relatively synthetic language with moderate to high inflection rates, most of which appear in Spanish conjugations.

Like verbs in almost all languages, the Spanish verb expresses an action or state of being a given subject, and like a verb in most Indo-European languages, the Spanish verb inflames according to the following categories:

• Tense: past, present, or upcoming
• Number: singular or plural
• People: first, second or third
• T-V distinction: familier or formal
• Mood: indicative, subjunctive, or imperative
• Aspects: perfect or imperfect (only distinguished in the past tense as preterite and imperfect)
• Sound: active or passive

The modern Spanish verb system has sixteen different complete paradigms (ie sets of forms for each combination of tension and mood (tense refers to when action occurs, and mood or mode refers to the subject's mood - for example, certainty vs. doubt) , plus an incomplete (imperative) paradigm, as well as three non-temporal forms (infinitive, gerund, and past participle).

Fourteen regular tenses are also divided into seven simple tenses and seven compound tenses (also known as perfect). Seven compound words are formed with the additional verb haber followed by the past participle. Verbs can be used in other forms, as progressive today, but in their granular leaflets they are usually not considered to be a special form of speech but verbal periphrastic.

Video Spanish verbs

Verb accidents

Verbal accidents are defined as one form of change that can be done by the verb. The Spanish verb has five accidents. Each verb is changed according to the following:

Personal and numbers

Spanish verbs are conjugated in three people, each having a singular and plural form. In some types of Spanish, such as RÃÆ'o de la Plata Region, a special form of the second person is used.

Since Spanish is a "pro-drop language", subject pronouns are often ignored.

First person

The first grammatical person refers to the speaker ("I"). The first person plural refers to the speaker along with at least one other person.

• (Yo) soybeans : "Me"
• (Nosotros/Nosotras) somos : "We are"; the feminine form nosotras is used only when referring to a group consisting entirely of women; if not, nosotros is used.

Second person

The second person grammatically refers to the recipient, the receiver of the communication ("you"). Spanish has different pronouns (and verb forms) for "you", depending on the relationship, familier or formal, between the speaker and the recipient.

Single form

• (TÃÆ'º) eres : "You are"; singular familiar; used when talking to someone who has a close relationship (family members, close friends, children, pets). Also forms used to overcome gods.
• (Vos) sos : "You are"; singular familiar; generally used in the same way as tÃÆ'º . Its use is restricted to several Hispanic American regions; where tÃÆ'º and vos are both used, vos is used to indicate closer proximity.
• (Usted) es : "You are"; a single formal form; used when talking to someone with respect, an older person, someone unknown to the speaker, or someone with a certain social distance. Although this is the second person's pronoun, he uses the third person verb form (and a pronoun of possession and possession) because it develops as a contraction of vuestra merced (literally, "your grace" or "your grace ").

Plurals

• (Vosotros/Vosotras) sois : "You (all) are"; familiar plural; used when talking to people with close contact (family members, friends, children, pets). The feminine form vosotras is used only when dealing with groups consisting entirely of women; if not, vosotros is used. Used primarily in Spanish and Equatorial Guinea, though it may appear in old, formal texts from other countries, such as the Philippines, or in the early row of the Argentine national anthem ("O d, mortales, el grito sagrado").
• (Ustedes) child : "You (all) are"; formal plural where vosotros is used; both formal plural and plural elsewhere. Where it is very formal, it is used when talking to people with respect or talking to people from a certain social distance. Like usted , it uses a third person verb form, for the same reason.

Third person

Grammatical third person refers to a person or thing other than speaker or recipient.

Single form

• (ÃÆ'â € l) es : "He/it is"; used for male or masculine gender (grammatical).
• (Ella) es : "He/it"; used for female or feminine gender (grammatical).
• (Ello) es : "This"; used to refer to neutral nouns such as facts, ideas, situations, and series of things; rarely used as explicit subjects.

Plurals

• (Ellos) son : "Them"; used for a group of people or matters covering at least one person or a masculine (grammatical) gender thing.
• (Ellas) son : "Them"; used for a group of people or things that are all feminine (grammatical) sex.

Mood

The grammatical atmosphere is one of a set of special forms used to mark modalities. In Spain, every verb has a form in three moods.

• Indicative mood: Indicative atmosphere, or real mood, is used for factual statements and positive beliefs. The Spanish conditional, although the semantic states the dependence of one action or another proposition, is generally regarded as strained from the indicative mood, since, syntactically, it can appear in an independent clause.
• The subjunctive mood: The subjunctive mood expresses the action imagined or desired in the past, present, or future.
• The imperative atmosphere: The imperative atmosphere expresses direct orders, requests, and restrictions. In Spain, using an imperative mood may sound harsh or even rough, so it is often used with caution.

Tense

Tense verbs indicate the time when the action occurred. Maybe in the past, now, or the future.

Private or non-limited verb forms

Unlimited verb forms refer to actions or circumstances without indicating time or people. Spanish has three impersonal forms: infinitive, gerund, and past participle.

Infinitive

Infinitive is generally a form found in a dictionary. This corresponds to the English "basic form" or "dictionary form" and is usually shown in English by "to _____" ("singing," "to write," etc.). The end of the infinitive is the basis of the names given in English to the three Spanish verb classes:

• " -ar " verb ( primera conjugaciÃÆ'³n ["first conjugation"])

Example: hablar ("to speak"); cantar ("sing"); bailar ("dancing")

• " -er " verb ( segunda conjugaciÃÆ'³n ["second conjugation"])

Example: beber ("drink"); leer ("read"); comprend ("understand")

• " -ir " the verb ( terger conjugaciÃÆ'³n ["third conjugation"])

Example: vivir ("live"); sentir ("feel"); escribir ("to write")

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Although in English grammar, gerund refers to the -ing form of a verb used as a noun, in Spanish the term refers to a verb form that behaves more like an adverb. This is made by adding the following suffix to the verb (ie infinitive without the last two letters):

• -ar verb: -ando

Example: hablando ("talk"); cantando ("sing"); bailando ("dancing")

• -er verb: -iendo

Example: bebiendo ("drink"); Leyendo (with spelling changes; "reading"); comprendiendo ("understanding")

• -ir verb: -iendo

Example: viviendo ("live"); sintiendo (with vocal changes; "feelings"); escribiendo ("write")

A particular verb has an irregular gerund shape:

• Most -ir verbs have predictable vowel changes: sentir -> sintiendo , median i> -> midiendo , repiwer -> repitiendo , dormir -> durmiendo , morir -> muriendo . One verb -er is also included in this group: poder -> pudiendo .
• In a verb that ends in the vowel, the final spell -iendo is changed to -yendo : oÃÆ'r -> oyendo , caer -> cayendo , leer -> leyendo , traer -> trayendo , construir -> construyendo , huir -> huyendo me. The "no-trunk" verb ir belongs to this group, with yendo .
• For verbs -er and -ir with the root ending in & lt; ÃÆ' Â ± & gt; or & lt; ll & gt;, the suffix -iendo is reduced to -endo : taÃÆ' Â ± er -> taÃÆ' Â ± endo , bullir -> bullendo .

Gerund has various uses and can mean (with haciendo , for example) "doing/while doing/by doing/doing or doing something" and so on. It is also used to form progressive constructions, such as estoy haciendo ("I'm working on"). Gerund can not be used as an adjective and, unlike in most European languages, generally do not have the corresponding adjective form. The now mostly ancient participant, ending with -ante or -iente and previously filling this function, in some cases survives as such an adjective (eg durmiente ("sleep"), interesante ("interesting")), but such cases are limited, and in cases where not, other constructs should be used to express the same idea: in English people will say "crying baby", people will say in spanish el bebÃÆ' Â © que llora ("crying baby"; llorante is ancient).

Past participle

Past participle matches the English form -en or -ed of the verb. This is done by adding the following suffix to the verb bar:

• -ar verb: -ed

Example: hablado ("oral"); cantado ("sung"); bailado ("dancing")

• -er verb: -ido

Example: bebido ("drunk"); leÃÆ'do (requires an accent sign; "read"); comprendido ("understand")

• -ir verb,: -ido

Example: vivido ("live"); common ("feel"); hervido ("boiled")

Past participle, ending always in -o , is used following the additional verb haber to form a compound or perfect: (Yo) he hablado ("I have spoken"); (Ellos) habÃÆ'an hablado ("They have spoken"); etc.

When the participle's past is used as an adjective, it affects both gender and number - for example, una lengua hablada en EspaÃÆ' Â ± a ("language used in Spanish").

Voice

In grammar, the verb verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participant is identified by its argument (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is an agent or actor, his verb is in an active voice. When the subject is a patient, target, or actor, it is said to be in a passive voice.

Verbal Aspects

The verbal aspect indicates whether an action is complete (perfect), the whole is perfect (perfect), or unfinished (imperfect).

• Perfect: In Spanish, a conjugated verb with haber ("having [done something]") is in the perfect aspect.
• Perfect: In Spain, the verb in preterite is in the perfect aspect.
• Not Perfect: In Spanish, present, imperfect, and future forms are in imperfect aspects.

Maps Spanish verbs

Conjugation

In this page, the verb conjugation is illustrated with the verb hablar ("speaking", "speaking").

Indicative

The indicative atmosphere has five simple tenses, each of which has the perfect perfect shape. In the old classification, conditional tenses are considered as part of an independent conditional mood. Sustained forms (such as estoy hablando) are usually not considered part of the verbal paradigm, although they often appear in books addressed to English speakers studying Spanish. Modern grammatical studies only count simple forms as word forms, and other forms as tenses and aspects.

Simple tenses ( tiempos simples ) >

Simple tenses are verb forms without using capital or helping the verb. Here is a simple word form and its use:

Attend ( presente )

The current form is formed by the end shown below:

Usage

Currently used to indicate the following:

• Actual reward : This expresses the action currently being performed.

MarÃÆ'a habla con Juan por telÃÆ' Â © fono = "MarÃÆ'a was talking to Juan on the phone"

• Habitual gift : It expresses routine and customary actions.

MarÃÆ'a va al campo todos los sÃÆ'¡bados = "Mara goes to the countryside every Saturday"

• Current prize : This reveals general truths that are not time constrained.

Dos mÃÆ'¡s dos son cuatro = "Two plus two equals four"

Los planetas giran alrededor del sol = "The planet revolves around the sun"

• Historical Prize : It expresses actions that occurred in the past but is accepted as a historical fact.

Fernando Magallanes descubre las Filipinas el 15 de marzo de 1521 = "Ferdinand Magellan discovered the Philippines on 15 March 1521"

• The immediate future : This reveals actions to be taken in the near future with a high degree of certainty.

Este junio, viajo a Espaà ± a = "This June, I traveled to Spain"

• imperative value : In some Spanish and Hispanic regions, it can now be used (in appeal) with imperative value.

Ã,¡Ahora te vas y pides diskulpas al seÃÆ' Â ± or Ruiz! = "Now go and apologize from Mr. Ruiz!"

Not perfect ( pretÃÆ'Â © rito imperfecto )

The imperfect is formed with the end shown below:

Usage

The imperfect is used to express the following:

• Past custom acts : This usage expresses actions taken routinely indefinitely. It does not focus on when the action ends.

Cuando era pequeÃÆ' Â ± o, hablaba espaÃÆ' Â ± ol con mi abuela = "When I was younger, I spoke Spanish with my grandmother "

• An action is interrupted by another action : This represents an ongoing action when another action occurs.

TomÃÆ'¡bamos la cena cuando entrÃÆ'³ Eduardo = "We had dinner when Eduardo came in"

• General description of the past : This expresses the previous settings, such as, for example, the background for the narration.

Todo estaba tranquilo esa noche. Juan Eduardo miraba el partido de fÃÆ'ºtbol con su amigo Alejandro. ComÃÆ'an unas porciones de pizza. = "Everything was quiet that night Juan Eduardo was watching a soccer match with his friend Alejandro They were eating a few slices of pizza."

Preterite ( pretà ©  © rito indefinido )

Preterite is formed with the tip shown below:

Usage

Preterite is used to state the following:

• Actions performed in the past : This usage specifies the action being viewed as a completed event. Often accompanied with an adverbial expression of time, such as ayer , anteayer , or this time .

Ayer, encontrÃÆ'Â © la flor que tÃÆ'º i diste = " You gave me "

• Actions that interfere with other actions : This specifies an event that occurred (and completed) while another action is in progress.

TomÃÆ'¡bamos la cena cuando entrÃÆ'³ Eduardo = "We had dinner when Eduardo came in"

• General permissions : This declares the previously viewed relationship as done.

Las Filipinas fueron parte del Imperio EspaÃÆ'Â ± ol = "The Philippines is part of the Spanish Empire" Future ( simple futuro futuro imperfecto )

The tense future uses the whole infinitive as a stem. The following suffix is ​​attached to it:

Usage

The future is used to express the following:

• Next action : This specifies the action to be taken in the future.

El aÃÆ' Â ± o prÃÆ'³ximo, visitarÃÆ' Â © Buenos Aires = "Next year, I will/will visit Buenos Aires"

• Uncertainty or Opportunity : This states conclusions, not direct knowledge.

estarÃÆ'¡ tocando a la puerta? - SerÃÆ'¡ Fabio. = "Who (who do you think) knocking on the door? - must be Fabio" or "Who will knock on the door? - - It will be Fabio"; the future use of tense also occurs in English; see Future Tense, The relationship between tense, aspect, and the implications of modalities "going" and "going to").

• Orders, restrictions, or obligations :

No llevarÃÆ'¡s a ese hombre a mi casa = "Do not take that person to my house" or, more accurately, " You will not take him to my house "; this form is also used to affirm orders, restrictions, or obligations in English.

• Awards :

Ã,¿Te importarÃÆ'¡ the manufacturer of the file la televisionÃÆ' = "Will you turn on the television?"

Another common way to represent the future is with the indicative conjugation present from ir followed by a plus the infinitive verb: Voy a viajar a Bolivia en el verano ("I will travel to Bolivia in the summer").

Compound compounds ( tiempos compuestos )

All compound forms are formed with haber followed by the past participle of the main verb. Haber changed its shape to people, numbers, and the like, while the past participle remained unchanged, ending with -o regardless of the number or sex of the subject.

 
 
 i>)  
In the present perfect, indicative of  haber  is used as a helper, followed by the past participle of the main verb. In most Spanish Americans, this tense has almost the same utility as English perfection today:  
 
  Te  she dicho  mi opinionsÃÆ'³n  = "I have told you my opinion" 
  
In most of the strained Spain has an additional use - to express past actions or events contained in an ongoing period of time or that have an effect in the present:  
 
  Este mes  ha llovido  mucho, pero hoy hace buen dÃÆ'a  = "It's raining this month, but today is a good day" 
  
 
    Past perfect or pluperfect ( pretà © й rito pluscuamperfecto )  
In this form, the imperfect form of  haber  is used as capital, and is followed by the past participle of the main verb:  
 
  (yo) habÃÆ'a  past participle 
  
  (tÃÆ'º) habÃras  past participle 
  
  (ÃÆ'Â © l/ella/ello/usted) habÃÆ'a  past participle 
  
  (nosotros/nosotras) habÃÆ'âmes  past participle 
  
  (vosotros/vosotras) habÃÆ'ais  past participle 
  
  (ellos/ellas/ustedes) habÃÆ'an  past participle 
  
 Usage 
The perfect past is used to express the following:  
 
  Previous actions that occurred before other actions in the past : 
  
 
 
  Yo  habÃÆ'a esperado  tres horas cuando ÃÆ' Â © l llegÃÆ'³  = "I waited for three hours when he arrived" 
  
 
    Anterior past ( pretÃÆ'Â © anterior rito )  
Anterior past combines the form of preterite  haber  with the past participle of the main verb. This language is rarely pronounced Spanish, but is sometimes used in formal written language, which is almost entirely confined to subordinate clauses (temporal, adverbial). As such, it is usually introduced by temporary conjunctions such as  cuando ,  apenas , or  en cuanto . It is used to express an action that ends sooner before other actions in the past:  
 
  (yo) hube  past participle 
  
  (tÃÆ'º) hubiste  past participle 
  
  (ÃÆ'Â © l/ella/ello/usted) naked  past participle 
  
  (nosotros/nosotras) hubimos  past participle 
  
  (vosotros/vosotras) hubisteis  past participle 
  
  (ellos/ellas/ustedes) hubieron  past participle 
  
As an example:  
 
  Cuando  hubieron llegado  todos, empezÃÆ'³ la ceremonia  = "When everyone arrives, the ceremony begins" 
  
  Apenas MarÃÆ'a  hubo terminado  la canciÃÆ'³n, su padre entrÃÆ'³  = "As soon as Maria completes her song, her dad comes in" 
  
Ini sering digantikan oleh preterite atau pluperfect, dengan arti yang sama:  
 
  Just MarÃÆ'a  ended up  the song, his father entered  
  
  As soon as MarÃa  had finished  the song, her father entered  
  
 
    Masa depan sempurna ( future compound )  span> 
Mass depan yang sempurna terbentuk dengan indikasi mass depan  have  diikuti oleh past participle dari kata kerja utama:  
 
  (i) habrà ©  past participle 
  
  (tÃÆ'º) habrà  past participle 
  
  (He/she/it/you) will have  past participle 
  
  (we) will have  past participle 
  
  (you) will have adalah  past participle 
  
  (they) will have  past participle 
  
As an example:  
 
  HabrÃÆ' Â © hablado  = "I will/will speak" 
  
This is used to denote future actions to be completed just before any other action:  
 
  Cuando yo llegue a la fiesta, yes se habrÃÆ'¡n marchado todos  = "When I arrived at the party, everyone was gone" 
  
 
  Conditional  
  
    Simple conditional (simple  simple  or  pospretÃÆ' Â © rito )  
Like the future, conditionals use the entire infinitive as a rod. The following suffix attached to it:
 Usage 
Conditional is used to state the following:  
 
  Polite : Using this mood to soften the request, make it more polite. 
  
 
 
  SeÃÆ' Â ± or, ¿  podrÃÆ'a  darme una copa de vino?  = "Sir, can you give me a glass of wine?" 
  
 
 
  A polite desire expression (using  querer ) : 
  
 
 
   QuerrÃÆ'a  ver la pelÃÆ'cula esta semana  = "I want to see this week's movie" 
  
 
 
  In clause  then  whose realization depends on the hypothetical  if  clause:  
  
 
 
  Si yo fuera rico,  viajarÃÆ'a  a SudamÃÆ'Â © rica  = "If I am rich, I will travel to South America" ​​
  
 
 
  Speculation about past events  (indirect speaker's knowledge, unconfirmed, or approximate): 
  
 
 
  Ã,¿Cuantas persona asistieron a la inauguraciÃÆ'³n del Presidente? - No lo sà ©  ©;  habrÃÆ'a  unas 5000  = "How many people attended the presidential inauguration? - I do not know, there must be about 5,000") 
  
 
 
  Upcoming action related to the past : This reveals any future action imaginable before. 
  
 
 
  Cuando era pequeÃÆ' Â ± o, pensaba que me  gustarÃÆ'a  ser mÃÆ' Â © dico  = "When I was younger, I thought that I would love to be a doctor "
  
 
 
  Suggestions : 
  
 
 
  Yo que tÃÆ'º, lo  olvidarÃÆ'a  completamente  = "If I were you I would forget it completely" 
  
 
    Conditional perfect or compound conditional ( condicional compuesto  or  antepospretÃÆ' Â © rito )  
Conditional compliance refers to a hypothetical past action.
As an example:  
 
  Yo habrÃÆ'a hablado si hubieran/hubiesen dado la oportunidad  = "I will talk if they give me a chance to" 
  The imperative 
The imperative atmosphere has three special forms, corresponding to the pronouns  tÃÆ'º ,  vos , and  vosotros  ( tÃÆ'º  and  vos  is used in regional dialects;  vosotros  only in Spanish). These forms are used only in positive expressions, not negative ones. The subjunctive imperative supplements in all other cases (negative expressions and conjugations corresponding to pronouns  nosotros ,  ÃÆ' Â © l/ella ,  usted ,  ellos/ellas , and  ustedes ).
Imperatives can also be expressed in three other ways:  
 
 Use current or future indicator to form explicit commands:  ComerÃÆ'¡s la verdura  ("You will eat vegetables") 
  
 The first person of the plural imperative ("Mari...") can also be expressed by  Vamos a  infinitive:  Ã,¡Vamos a comer!  
  
 Indirect command with  que :  Que lo llame el secretario  ("Have the secretary call it") 
  
 
    Affirmative imperative ( imperativo positivo )  
The positive form of the imperative mood in regular verbs is formed by adding the following to the stem:
The single imperative  tÃÆ'º  coincides with a single third person of the indicator for all but some irregular verbs. The plural  vosotros  is always the same as the infinitive, but with the end  -d  instead of  -r  in formal and written form; the informal oral form is the same as the infinitive. The singular  vos  drops  -r  from the infinitive, requiring a written accent to show the stress.  
    Negative imperative ( imperativo negativo )  
For negative imperatives, the  no  statement is placed before the verb, and the following end is attached to the bar:
Notice that in the imperative, the affirmative second person's form is different from his negative counterparts; this is the only case of difference in the affirmative and negative conjugations in Spanish.
 Starter Rule:   To conjugate something positive in the imperative mood for the form i   (most commonly used), conjugate for the form  tÃÆ'º  and drop  s .    
  To conjugate something negative in the imperative mood for the form  tÃÆ'º  (also most commonly used), the conjugation in the form of  yo , drop  o , add the end of the opposite  tÃÆ'º  (if that is a verb  -ar  add  ice ; for  -er  > or  -ir  verb add  as ), and then enter the word  no  ahead.  
   
  Emphasizing the subject  
If one wants to place an emphasis on the subject of the command, it is placed after the verbal word:  
 
  Hazlo  tÃÆ'º   = "You did it" 
  
  No lo diga  usted   = "Do not you [politely] say it" 
  
 
  Example  
  
  The positive command form of the verb  comer   
  
  The negative command form of the verb  comer   
  
  Pronominal verb  comerse   
Note that the pronoun precedes the verb in a negative command as a subjunctive mode, not necessarily:  no te comas/comÃÆ'¡s ;  no se coma/koman ;  no nos comamos ;  no os comÃÆ'¡is .  
  Verbs  ir   
The pronominal verb  irse  is irregular in the second plural normative plural form, as it does not drop  -d  or  -r :  
 
  Ã,¡  idol ! (vosotros) : "Go away!" (plural for informal addresses, determined by Real Academia Espaà ± a but very rarely) 
  
  Ã,¡  iros ! (vosotros) : "Go away!" (General in Spain, recently recognized by Real Academia EspaÃÆ' Â ± ola) [1] 
  
 
  The subjunctive  
The subjunctive mood has separate conjugation tables with fewer tenses. It is used almost exclusively in the subordinate clause, to express the speaker's opinions or votes, such as doubt, possibility, emotions and events that may or may not happen.  
    Simple tenses ( tiempos simples )  
  
    Present subjunctive ( presente de subjuntivo )  
The subjungtif sekarang verba biasa dibentuk dengan ujung di bawah ini:  Subjunctive imperfect subjunctive      
Incomplete subtitles can be formed with one of two final sets: " -ra  suffix" or " -se  suffix", as shown below. In Spanish America, the  -ra  form is actually the only form used, by overriding the  -se  form. In Spain, both sets of forms are used, but the  -ra  form is also dominant.  
    Non-defective subjects form  -ra   
  
    Non-defective subjects form  -se   
  
    Future subjunctive ( futuro (simple) de subjuntivo )  
The subjunctive future is no longer used in modern languages, except in legal language and some fixed expression. The following tips are attached to the preterite rod:
Sebagai contoh:  
 
  When they talk...  = "Kapanpun mereka berbicara..." 
  
 
    Senyawa majemuk ( compound times )  rentang> 
Dalam mood subjungtif, bentuk-bentuk subjungtif dari kata kerja  haber  digunakan dengan past participle dari kata kerja utama.  
    sempurna subjungtif Hadir ( Preta  © perfect rite subjunctive )  
  
 
  When I've spoken...  = "Ketika saya telah berbicara..." 
  
 
    Subjudul Pluperfect ( pluperfect subjunctive )  
  
 
  If I had spoken...  atau  If I had spoken...  = "Jika saya berbicara..." 
  
 
    Future perfect subjunctive ( subjuntivo compound  Future)  
Like a simple future subjunctive, this tense is no longer used in modern Spanish.  
 
  Cuando yo hubiere hablado...  = "As I will talk..." 
  
 Note:   
 
  The current subtask is formed from the first person rod that is present as an indication of the verb. Therefore, for irregular verbs like  salir  with first person  salgo , the current subjunctive is  salga  instead of  sala .  
  
  The choice between subjunctive subjunctive and IMPERFECTIVE is determined by the tense of the main verb from the sentence.  
  
  Future subtasks are rarely used in modern Spanish and mostly appear in certain old text, legal documents and fixed expression, such as  venga lo que viniere  ("whatever happens" ).  
  
 
  Continuous Tenses  
In Spanish grammar, sustainable tenses are not officially recognized as in English. Although imperfectly expressing continuity as opposed to perfect (eg,  te esperaba  ["I am waiting for you"]), the continuity of an action is usually expressed by verbal periphrases ( verbal perforations ), as in  estoy leyendo  ("I'm reading"). However, one can also say  sigo leyendo  ("I still  read"),  voy leyendo  ("I  slowly but surely  reading "),  ando leyendo  (" I was wandering around  reading "), and more.  
  The passive  
  
    "True" passive  
The "true" passive is formed with the  ser  past participle, which in this case behaves like normal adjective. Thus:  
 
  Yo soy amado  = "I [masc.] I like" 
  
  TÃÆ'º eras amada  = "You [fem.] are being loved" 
  
  Nosotros shine amados  = "We [masc.] will be liked" 
  
  Ellas habrÃÆ'an sido amadas  = "They [fem.] will be loved" 
  
The "right" passive is used in various situations, but its use is somewhat more limited than its English counterpart.  
   Se  passive  
In the third person, reflexive construction is often used to express ideas that can also be expressed in passives. In such construction, the recipient of the action is said to have committed the act itself. Thereby:  
 
  Se habla espaÃÆ' Â ± ol  = "Spanish is spoken" (lit. "Spanish speaking alone") 
  
  Se i dio el libro  = "The book was given to me" (lit. "The book gave itself to me") 
  
  Se perdieron los datos  = "Missing data" (lit. "Data lost itself") 
  
  Se puede hacer [ello]  = "This can be done" (lit. "It can be done alone") 
  
The passive is very common in the third person, but the equivalent construction can not be used for first and second people:  Yo me amo  always translated to "I love myself" and not ever "I'm loved".    
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  Irregular verbs  
A large number of verbs alter the vowels  e  in the stem to the diftong  ie , and vowels  o  to  ue . This occurs when the stem vocal receives stress. The verb is termed a verb that changes the verb. Examples include  p  e  nsar  ("to think"; for example,  p  i  nso  ["I think"] for example,  s  i  nto  ["I'm sitting" for example,  emp  i  zo  ["I started" for example,  v  ue  lvo  ["I'm back" for example,  my ac  ue  sto  [" I go to sleep "]).
Almost all verbs of the third conjugate ( -ir ), if they have  -e -  or  -o -  as the last vowel of those bars, experience a vowel change where the changes  e  change to  i  and  o  change to  u , in some of their forms (for details , see irregular Spanish verbs). Examples include  p  e  dir  ("to request"; for example,  p  i  de  ["he/"]),  comp  e  tir  (" to compete "; for example,  comp  i  te  [" he competes "]), and  derr  e  tirse  (" melt "; for example,  se derr  i  te  melt"]).
The so-called verb I-go adds the medial  -g -  in singular form to the first person (making the form  Yo  ["I" i>; for example,  tener  ["to have"] to  tengo  ["I have"];  venir  ["to come"] to  vengo  ["I'm coming"]). These verbs are often irregular in other forms as well.    
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  Usage  
  
  Compare simple and sustainable shapes  
There is no clear distinction between simple and sustainable forms in Spanish as they are in English. In English, "I do" is one thing (habit) and "I'm working" is something else (current activity). In Spain,  can be one of the two, and  estoy haciendo  emphasizes the latter. Although not as strict as English, Spanish is tighter than French or German, which has no systematic distinction between the two concepts at all. This continuous optional meaning that can be underlined by using a continuous form is a feature that is present and imperfect. Preterite never has this meaning, even in a continuous form, and the future has only a sustainable form.  
 
 Comes 
  
 
 
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © haces?  can be "What are you doing?" or "What are you doing?" 
  
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © estÃÆ'¡s haciendo?  just "What are you doing?" 
  
 
 
 Imperfect 
  
 
 
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © hacÃÆ'as?  can be "What do you use to do?" or "What are you doing?" 
  
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © estabas haciendo?  just "What are you doing?" 
  
 
 
 Preterite 
  
 
 
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © hiciste?  is "What are you doing?" 
  
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © estuviste haciendo?  is "What did you do (all the time)?" 
  
Note that since preterite by nature refers to events seen as having a beginning and an end, and not as context, the use of a continuous form of verb only adds to the feeling for the length of time spent on the action. The future has two main forms in Spanish, an imperfect (plural) and a simple future. The difference between them is one aspect. The compound future is done by conjugation  ir  (meaning "to go," but may also mean "will" in this case) plus infinitive and, occasionally, with progressive verbs when added as well.  
 
 Future 
  
 
  
 
 
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © vas hacer?  is "What are you going to do?" (implying that it will be done again, as in the routine) 
  
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © vas estar haciendo?  is "What are you going to do?" (does not mean that it will do) 
  
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © harÃÆ'¡s?  is "What are you going to do?" (will be finished soon, or done only once) 
  
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ' Â © estarÃÆ'¡s haciendo?  is "What are you going to do?" 
  
 
  Compare now and future  
Both the present and the future can express future action, the latter more explicit. There is also a phrase that conveys the future.  
 
  Mi padre llega maÃÆ' Â ± ana  = "My father arrived tomorrow" (out of context,  llega  could mean "he is coming now" or " he usually arrives ") 
  
  Mi padre estarÃÆ'¡ llegando maÃÆ' Â ± ana  = "My father will arrive tomorrow" 
  
  Mi padre va a llegar maÃÆ' Â ± ana  = "My father will arrive tomorrow" (future with  ir ) 
  
  Mi padre llegarÃÆ'¡ maÃÆ' Â ± ana  = "My father will arrive tomorrow" (future tense) 
  
  Mi padre esta a punto de llegar  = "My father will arrive" (close to  estar a punto ) 
  
The tense future can also easily reveal allegations about the present and the future:  
 
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ'Â © hora es?   Serán las tres  = "What time is this?" "It's about three (but I have not checked it yet)" 
  
  Ã,¿QuiÃÆ'  © n llama a la puerta? SerÃÆ'¡ Josà © ©  = "Who is in the door? Of course Josà © © 
  
The same applies to imperfect and conditional:  
 
  Ã,¿QuÃÆ'Â © hora era?   Sera welding las  = "What time is it?" "It's about three (but I have not checked it yet)" 
  
  Ã,¿QuiÃÆ'  © n llamaba a la puerta? Sera Josà © ©  = "Who is in the door? Of course Josà ©  © 
  
Research has shown that Spanish-speaking children learn to use future tense before they learn to use it to express future events (the future of English with "will" also can sometimes be used with this meaning). The other construction specified above is used instead. Indeed, in some areas, such as Argentina and Uruguay, speakers hardly use tense future to refer to the future.
The future tense of the subjunctive mood is also obsolete in practice. To this day, it is only found in legal documents and the like. In other contexts, the present subjunctive form always replaces it.  
  Compare preterite and imperfect  
  
 Fundamentals of preterite and imperfect  
Spanish has two basic forms of the past, the preterite and the imperfect. Strictly speaking, the difference between them is one that is not tense but an aspect, in a similar way to Slavic languages. However, in Spanish grammar, they are usually called tenses.
The difference between preterite and imperfect (and in some cases, perfect) is often difficult to understand by English speakers. English has only one ancient form, which may be added in its aspect by auxiliary verbs, but not in a manner consistent with what happens in Spanish. The difference between them, however, is somewhat in keeping with the differences in other Romance languages, such as between the French  imparfait  and  the simple passÃÆ'Â © / passÃÆ' Â © composÃÆ' â € < â € <Â © ©/i> or between Italy  imperfetto  and  passato remoto / passato prossimo .
The imperfect essentially presents an act or state as a  context  and is thus essentially descriptive. It does not present an act or state as a final and often does not serve as a beginning. Like the imperfect Slavia past, he tends to show the usual actions at some point, as in the routine. In this case, someone will say  Yo alsoba  ("I used to play"),  Yo lea  ("I used to read"), or  Yo escribÃÆ'Â  ("I used to write").
Preterite (as well as perfect, when applicable) basically presents acts or countries as an event  , and thus basically narrative. It presents the action or the country has its beginning and end. It also has a resemblance to the perfect Slavic past, as it is usually viewed as one step. The appropriate preterite form is  Yo juguÃÆ'Â ©  ("I play"),  Yo leÃÆ'  ("I read") or < I write ").
As stated above, deciding whether using preterite or imperfection can cause difficulties for English speakers. But there are certain topics, words, and key phrases that can help a person decide whether the verb should be conjugated in preterite or imperfect. This expression occurs significantly more frequently with one or another of the two word forms, corresponding to the completed action (preterite) or repeated actions or actions or continuous (imperfect) status in the past.
Keywords and phrases that tend to occur together with preterite tense:
E.g.:  Ea maÃÆ'Â ± ana comÃÆ' huevos y pan tostado  ("This morning I eat eggs and toast")
Keywords and phrases that tend to occur together with imperfect tense:
E.g.  Cada aÃÆ'Â ± o mi familia other than Puerto Rico.  ("Every year my family goes to Puerto Rico.")  
  Comparison with English usage  
A simple British past can express one of these concepts. However, there are devices that allow us to be more specific. Consider, for example, the phrase "sun shine" in the following context:  
 
 "The sun shines through his window, John knows it will be a good day." 
  
 "The sun shines through his window, John knows it will be a good day." 
  
 "The sun shone through his window in those days." 
  
 "The sun shone on his window at that time." 
  
 "The sun shines through his window when John pulls the curtain." 
  
In the first two, it is clear that shine refers to the background to the events that will be revealed in the story. It talks about what is happening . One has the choice between making this explicit with the past continuously, as in (2), or using a simple past and allowing the context to make it clear what is meant, as in (1). In Spain, this would be imperfect, optionally in continuous imperfection.
In (3) and (4), it is clear that shine refers to common events, ordinary customs. It talks about what  happens normally . One has a choice between making this explicit with the expression "used for," as in (4), or using a simple past and allowing context to make it clear what we mean, as in (3). In Spain, this would be imperfect, optional with additional verb  soler .
In (5), only a simple past is possible. It talks about a single event that is presented as happening at a particular point in time (when John pulls back the curtain). Action starts and ends with this sentence. In Spain, this will be in preterite (or alternatively in perfect, if the event just happened).  
  Further examples  
  
 
  Cuando  tenÃÆ'a  quince aÃÆ' Â ± os, I  atropellÃÆ'³  un coche  = "When I  is  fifteen years, car  ran over  me "
  
The imperfect being used for "is" in Spanish because it forms the backdrop for the specific event expressed by "crushed", which is in preterite.  
 
  Mientras  cruzaba / estaba cruzando  la calle, I  atropellÃÆ'³  un coche  = "While I crossing/being crossing the road, a car  run over  me "
  
In both languages, a continuous form for ongoing action is optional, but Spain requires the verbs in both cases to be in imperfection, since it is the background to a particular event expressed by "crushed", in preterite.  
 
  Siempre  tenÃÆ'a  cuidado cuando  cruzaba  la calle  = "I  always  always/always  Formerly  be careful when I  cross over / used to cross  the path "
  
Imperfectly used for both verbs because it refers to the habits of the past. Either the verb can optionally use the term "used for" in English.  
 
  Me baÃÆ' Â ± ÃÆ' Â ¢  = "I bathe" 
  
Preterite is used if it refers to one action or event - that is, the person bathing last night.  
 
  Me baÃÆ' Â ± aba  = "I shower" 
  
The imperfect is used if it refers to any kind of habitual act - that is, that person bathing every morning. Optionally,  baÃÆ' Â ± arme  can specifically say "I am a regular shower".  
 
  Tuvo una hija  = "She has a daughter" 
  
Preterite is used if it refers to an event - here, birth.  
 
  TenÃÆ'a una hija  = "She has one daughter" 
  
The imperfect used if this refers to the number of children at a certain point, as in "She had a daughter when I met her ten years ago; she probably has more now". A description.
Note that when describing the life of someone who is now dead, the differences between these two words blur. Someone may describe the life of the person who says  tena una hija , but  tuvo una hija  is very common because the whole life of a person is viewed as a whole, with beginning and end. The same goes for  vivÃÆ'a/viviÃÆ'³ en...  "he lives in...".
Perhaps the most difficult verb translated by English speakers is "to be" in the past tense ("is"). Regardless of the choice between the verbs  ser  and  estar  (see below), it is often very difficult for English speakers to distinguish between contextual and narrative usage.  
 
  Alguien  cogiÃÆ'³  eg CD. Ã,¿QuiÃÆ' Â © n  fue ?  = "Someone  take  my CD Who is that ?" 
  
Here, preterite is used because this is an event. Good directions are tense where  cogiÃÆ'³  is.  
 
   Haba  una persona que  miraba  los CD. Ã,¿QuiÃÆ' Â © n  era ?  = "There is  is  the person  is looking  on the CD Who is that  ? 
  
Here the imperfect is used because it is a description (the beginning and end of the action are not presented; it is something that is going on at any given time). Again, good clues are other tense verbs.  
  Compare preterite and perfect  
Preterite and perfect are distinguished in a manner similar to equivalent forms of English. In general, every time the perfect current ("I have done") is used in English, the perfect is also used in Spanish. In addition, there are some cases where English uses a simple past ("I did") but Spanish requires the perfect. In the remaining cases, both languages ​​use a simple past.
As in English, it perfectly expresses past actions that have links to the present. Preterite expresses past actions as past, complete and complete. In both languages, there are dialect variations.  
  Reference frame included now: perfect  
If it is implicitly or explicitly communicated that the terms of reference for the event include the present and the event or event may continue to occur, then both languages ​​are perfectly chosen.  
 
 References including "this" include now 
  
 
  
 
 
  Este aÃÆ' Â ± o me he ido de vacaciones dos veces  = "This year I've been on vacation twice" 
  
  Esta semana ha sido muy interesante  = "This week is very interesting" 
  
 
 
 With other references to recent periods including now 
  
 
  
 
 
  No hecho mucho hoy  = "I have not done much today" 
  
  No ha pasado nada hasta la fecha  = "Nothing has happened to date" 
  
  Hasta ahora no se aku ha ocurrido  = "Until now it has not occurred to me" 
  
 
 
 With reference to one's life experience (life does not end) 
  
 
  
 
 
  ¿Alguna vez has estado en ÃÆ' frica?  = "Have you ever been in Africa?" 
  
  Mi vida no ha sido muy interesante  = "My life is not very interesting yet" 
  
  JamÃÆ'¡s she robado tone  = "I never stole anything" 
  
 
  The shallow reference frame includes now: perfect  
Sometimes phrases like "today", "this year", and "this week" are used to express the idea that this period is over. It requires a simple past in English. For example, in December one might talk about a simple past year because we assume that all the important events of that year have taken place and one can speak as if it is over. Other expressions - like "this weekend", if today is Monday - referring to a definite period ending; the word "this" only distinguishes it from other weekends. There is a tendency in Spanish to use the perfect even for this type of reference time, although preterite is possible and seems more logical.  
 
  Este fin de semana hemos ido al zoo  = "This weekend we went to the zoo" 
  
  Hoy he tenido una jornada muy aburrida  = "Today I had a really boring day at work" 
  
 
  Consequences continue into the present: perfect  
As in English, perfectly used when the consequences of an event are referred.  
 
  Alguien ha roto esta ventana  = "Someone has broken this window" (the current window is corrupted) 
  
  Nadie I ha dicho quÃÆ' Â © pasÃÆ'³ aquel dÃÆ'a  = "No one told me what happened that day" (therefore, I still do not know) 
  
This same sentence in preterite refers purely to past actions, without any implication that they have a reaction now.
In English, this perfect type is not possible if the right time frame is added or even implied. One can not say "I was born in 1978," because that date necessitated "I was born," despite the fact that there is a provable consequence in the fact that the person is still alive. Spain sporadically uses perfectly in these cases.  
 
  He nuido en 1978  (usually  NacÃÆ' en 1978 ) = "I was born in 1978" 
  
  I he criado en Madrid  (usually  I criÃÆ' Â © en Madrid ) = "I grew up in Madrid" 
  
 
  The event itself continues into the present: perfect or present  
If the event itself has happened recently and also happens now or is expected to continue to happen soon, then preterite is not possible in both languages. English requires a perfect, or better still perfectly continuous. Spanish requires the perfect, or better yet simple at the moment:  
 
  ÃÆ'Å¡ltimamente ha llovido mucho / ÃÆ'Å¡ltimamente llueve
Source of the article : Wikipedia