Pain management in childbirth is a treatment or prevention of pain that women may experience during labor. The amount of pain that a woman feels during childbirth depends in part on the size and position of the baby, the size of her pelvis, her emotions, the strength of the contractions, and her outlook. Tension increases pain during labor. Almost all women worry about how they will overcome the pain of labor and birth. Maternity differs for every woman and predicts the amount of pain experienced during labor and delivery can not be ascertained.
Some women are fine with "natural methods" for pain relief alone. Many women combine "natural methods" with drugs and medical interventions that reduce pain. Building a positive outlook on childbirth and managing fear can also help some women cope with pain. Birth pain is not like pain due to illness or injury. Instead, it is caused by uterine contractions that push the baby down and out of the birth canal. In other words, labor pain has a purpose.
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Preparation for birth can affect the amount of pain experienced during labor. It is possible to take birth classes, consult with those who manage pregnancy, and write questions can help get the information a woman needs to help manage the pain. Simple interaction with friends and family can alleviate concerns.
Maps Pain management during childbirth
Non-pharmacological
Many methods help women to relax and make the pain more manageable. This could be:
- breathing and relaxation techniques
- bath or warm bath
- massage
- using heat and cold, like hot on the lower back and a cold duster on the forehead
- Have supportive care from a loved one, nurse, or doula The presence of a doula or female officer leads to a reduction in the need for control of pharmacological pain.
- change position while in labor (standing, squatting, sitting, walking, etc.)
- using a labor ball
- listen to music
- acupuncture
Water and labor
According to the American Office of Women's Health, working in a hot tub, also called hydrotherapy, helps women feel physically supported, and keeps them warm and relaxed. It is also easier for women who work to move and find a comfortable position in the water. In waterbirthing, a woman stays in water for delivery. The American Academy of Pediatrics has expressed concerns about water delivery due to the lack of research showing its safety and because of the rare but reported chances of complications.
Methods of medical and pharmaceutical pain control
Doctors, Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, Nurses and Midwives will usually ask women in labor if there is a need to relieve pain. Many pain relief options work well when administered by a trained and experienced physician. Doctors may also use different methods to relieve pain at various stages of labor. However, not all options are available in every hospital and delivery center. Depending on your mother's health history, allergies or other problems, some options will work better than others.
There are many methods to relieve the pain that is used for labor. Rare and unexpected, serious complications sometimes occur. Also, most of the drugs used to manage pain during labor pass freely to the placenta to the baby. Asking about the procedures and medications that may affect the baby is a valid question.
Opioid
It is also called narcotics and drugs given by infusion or by injection into the muscle. Occasionally, opioids are also given with epidural or spinal blocks. Opioids can create intolerable pain, and do not affect the ability to push. Opioids do not get rid of all the pain. They
- is a short acting.
- cause drowsiness.
- causes nausea and vomiting.
- can cause itching.
- can not be given before delivery because it can slow the breathing and heartbeat of the baby at birth.
Epidural and spinal blocks
Epidural is a procedure that involves placing a tube (catheter) into the lower back, into a small space under the spinal cord. Small doses of medication may be administered through the tube as needed throughout labor. With the spinal block, a small dose of medication is given as an injection into the spinal fluid in the lower back. The spinal block is usually given only once during labor. Epidural and spinal blocks allow most women to be alert and alert with little pain during labor and delivery. With an epidural, pain relief begins 10 to 20 minutes after the drug is given. Level of numbness can be adjusted. With the spinal block, good pain relief begins immediately, but lasts only 1 to 2 hours.
Although movement is possible, walking should not be if the drug affects motor function. Epidurals can lower your blood pressure, which can slow your baby's heart rate. The fluids administered through IV are given to lower this risk. The fluid can cause chills. But women in labor often shiver with or without an epidural. If the spinal chord cover is punctured by a catheter, a bad headache can occur. Treatment can help headaches. Epidural can cause back pain that can occur for several days after delivery. Epidurals may extend the first and second stages of labor. If given late in labor or if too many drugs are used, it may be difficult to push when the time comes. Epidural increases the risk of labor per assisted vaginam.
Pudendal block
In this procedure the doctor injects a numbing medicine into the vagina and nearby pudendal nerve. These nerves carry a sensation to the lower part of the vagina and vulva. This pain control method is only used late in labor, usually just before the baby's head comes out. With pudendal blocks, there are some pain relievers but working women are awake, alert, and able to push the baby out. Babies are not affected by this drug and have few disadvantages.
Inhaled analges
Recommended analgesia can help to manage pain. This type of pain management is effective but may have some side effects. Some of the possible adverse side effects of inhaled analgesics include vomiting, nausea and dizziness. Nitrous oxide is one of the gas used.
Other treatments
A review of the effectiveness of a non-medical approach to pain relief found that water immersion, relaxation methods, and acupuncture relieve pain. Acupuncture was found to be associated with fewer assisted vaginal births and cesarean section. Relaxation methods reduce the number of vaginal births aided as well.
No studies have shown the effectiveness of hypnosis, biofeedback, sterile water injections, aromatherapy, and TENS in reducing pain during labor.
Pain management after childbirth
Perineal pain after delivery has short-term and long-term negative effects for women and their babies. This effect can interfere with breastfeeding and infant care. The pain from the injection site and possible episiotomy is managed by frequent assessment of the pain report from the mother. Pain may result from possible lacerations, incisions, uterine contractions and sore nipples. Appropriate medications are usually given. Routine episiotomies have not been found to reduce post-birth pain levels.
See also
- Epidural
- lumbar prick
- Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia
- Intratheal administration
References
External links
- BabyCentre entry in Entonox
- Detailed medical analysis of the drug
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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