Love covers different emotional and mental conditions, usually very strong and positive, ranging from the most noble virtues or good habits, the deepest interpersonal affections, and the simplest pleasures. An example of these various meanings is that the love of a mother differs from the love of a couple different from the love of food. Most commonly, love refers to feelings of strong attraction and emotional attachment. Love can also be a virtue that represents human kindness, compassion, and compassion, as "a loyal and loving concern for the good of others." It can also describe loving and compassionate actions toward other human beings, self or animals.
Ancient Greek philosophers identified four forms of love: essentially, family love (in Greek, storge ), romantic love ( philia ), romantic love ( eros ), and divine love ( agape ). Modern writers have distinguished more types of love: unrequited love, infatuated love, self-love, and love affection. The non-Western tradition also differentiates the variant or symbiosis of these countries. Love has additional religious or spiritual significance. This diversity of uses and meanings combined with the complexity of feelings involved makes love extremely difficult to consistently define, compared to other emotional states.
Love in its various forms acts as the main facilitator of interpersonal relations and, because of its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts.
Love has been postulated as a function to keep people together against threats and to facilitate species continuity.
Video Love
Definition
The word "love" can have various related meanings but differ in different contexts. Many other languages ​​use many words to express several different concepts which in English are symbolized as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek words for "love" which includes agape and eros . The cultural difference in conceptualizing love thus doubles the formation of universal definitions.
Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what not love (the antonym of "love"). Love as a general expression of positive sentiments (stronger forms of like ) is usually contrasted with hatred (or neutral apathy). As a form of romantic bonding that is less sexual and more emotional, love usually contrasts with lust. As an interpersonal relationship with romantic nuances, love sometimes contrasts with friendship, although the word love is often applied to make friends. (Possible subsequent ambiguities come with the use of "girlfriend", "girlfriend", "just a good friend").
The abstract discussed love usually refers to the experience felt by others. Love often involves caring for, or identifying with, someone or something (cf. The theory of vulnerability and care of love), including oneself (see narcissism). In addition to the cross-cultural differences in understanding love, the idea of ​​love also changes greatly over time. Some historians dating modern concepts of romantic love to Europe were tense during or after the Middle Ages, though the existence of earlier romantic attachments is evidenced by ancient love poetry.
The complex nature of love and abstract often reduces the discourse of love on cliches that put aside the mind. Some general proverbs regard love, from Virgil's "Love conquers all" to The Beatles "All You Need Is Love". St. Thomas Aquinas, following Aristotle, defines love as "for the good of others." Bertrand Russell describes love as a condition of "absolute value," as opposed to relative value. The philosopher Gottfried Leibniz says that love is "pleased with the happiness of others." Meher Baba states that in love there is a "feeling of unity" and "an active appreciation of the intrinsic value of the object of love." Biologist Jeremy Griffith defines love as "unconditionally unconditional".
Maps Love
Personal love
People can be said to love objects, principles, or goals that they are deeply committed and highly appreciative. For example, the volunteer affections and volunteer volunteers of their struggles may sometimes be born not from interpersonal love but uncritical love, altruism, and strong spiritual or political beliefs. People can also "love" material objects, animals, or activities if they invest in bonds or identify them. If sexual arousal is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia. The general principle that people say they like is life itself.
Interpersonal Love
Interpersonal love refers to love among humans. This is a much stronger sentiment than the simple likes for a person. Unrequited love refers to unrequited love. Interpersonal love is closely related to interpersonal relationships. Such love may exist between family members, friends, and spouses. There are also a number of psychological disorders related to love, such as erotomania.
Throughout history, philosophy and religion have made the most speculation on the phenomenon of love. In the 20th century, the science of psychology has written extensively on this subject. In recent years, the science of psychology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology has added to the understanding of the concept of love.
Biologically
Sex biological models tend to see love as a mammalian impulse, like hunger or thirst. Helen Fisher, an anthropologist and researcher of human behavior, shares the experience of love into three overlapping stages: passion, attraction, and attachment. Lust is a feeling of sexual desire; romantic attraction determines which partner partner finds interest and pursuit, saves time and energy by choosing; and attachment involving home sharing, parent duties, joint defense, and in humans involves feeling secure and secure. Three different neural circuits, including neurotransmitters, and three behavioral patterns, are associated with these three romantic styles.
Lust is the initial passionate sexual desire that encourages marriage, and involves the release of chemicals such as testosterone and estrogen. These effects rarely last more than a few weeks or months. Interest is a more individualistic and romantic desire for certain candidates to marry, which evolves from lust as a commitment to the form of individual pairs. Recent studies in neuroscience have shown that when people fall in love, the brain consistently releases a series of certain chemicals, including the hormone neurotransmitters, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, the same compound released by amphetamines, stimulates the brain's pleasure center and leads to side effects such as an increase in heart rate, loss of appetite and sleep, and intense feelings of pleasure. Research has shown that this stage generally lasts from one and a half to three years.
Since the passions and passions of both are considered temporary, a third stage is necessary to take account of long-term relationships. Attachment is the bond that drives relationships that last for years and even decades. Appendices are generally based on commitments such as marriage and children, or mutual friendship based on things like mutual interest. This has been associated with higher levels of oxytocin chemicals and vasopressin to a greater extent than short-term relationships. Enzo Emanuele and co-workers report that a protein molecule known as nerve growth factor (NGF) has a high rate when people first fall in love, but this returns to previous levels after one year.
Basic psychology
Psychology describes love as a cognitive and social phenomenon. Psychologist Robert Sternberg formulates the theory of love triangle and argues that love has three distinct components: intimacy, commitment, and passion. Intimacy is a form in which two people share secrets and various details of their personal lives, and are usually shown in friendship and romantic love affairs. Commitment, on the other hand, is the expectation that the relationship is permanent. The last form of love is sexual attraction and passion. Passionate love is featured in madness as well as romantic love. All forms of love are seen as various combinations of these three components. Non-love does not include these components. Loving only includes intimacy. Crazy love only includes passion. Empty love only includes commitment. Romantic love includes intimacy and passion. Love peers include intimacy and commitment. Fierce love includes passion and commitment. Finally, perfect love encompasses all three. American psychologist Zick Rubin attempted to define the love of psychometry in the 1970s. His work states that three factors are love: attachment, caring, and intimacy.
Following developments in electrical theories such as Coulomb's law, which show that positive and negative charges attract, analogues in human life are developed, such as "pulling the opposite". Over the last century, research on the nature of human marriage generally finds this untrue when it comes to character and personality - people tend to like people who are similar to themselves. However, in some unusual and specific domains, such as the immune system, it seems that humans prefer others who are not like themselves (eg, with orthogonal immune systems), because this will lead to babies who have the best of both worlds. In recent years, various theories of human bonding have been developed, described in terms of attachment, bonding, bonding, and affinity. Some Western authorities are divided into two main components, altruistic and narcissistic. This view is represented in the works of Scott Peck, whose work in applied psychology explores the definition of love and evil. Peck argues that love is a combination of "caring for the spiritual growth of others," and simple narcissism. In combination, love is activity , not just feeling.
Psychologist Erich Fromm maintains in his book The Art of Loving that love is not merely a feeling but also an act, and that in fact, the "feeling" of love is superficial compared to one's commitment to love. through a series of loving acts from time to time. In this sense, Fromm argues that love is ultimately not a feeling at all, but rather a commitment to, and adherence to, the act of loving others, self, or many others, for a sustained duration. Fromm also describes love as a conscious choice that at first stage may originate as an unintentional feeling, but which subsequently no longer depends on the feeling, but more dependent only on conscious commitment.
Evolutionary bases
Evolutionary psychology has tried to provide various reasons for love as a means of survival. Humans depend on the assistance of parents for most of their lifetimes compared to other mammals. Therefore, love has been seen as a mechanism to promote parental support for children for this extended period of time. Furthermore, researchers as early as Charles Darwin themselves identified the unique features of human love compared to other mammals and love of credit as a major factor for creating a social support system that enables the development and extension of human species. Another factor may be that sexually transmitted diseases can cause, among other effects, permanently reduced fertility, injury to the fetus, and increased complications during labor. This will support a monogamous relationship over polygamy.
Comparison of scientific models
The biological model of love tends to see it as a mammalian impulse, similar to hunger or thirst. Psychology sees love more as a social and cultural phenomenon. Of course love is influenced by hormones (such as oxytocin), neurotropin (like NGF), and pheromones, and how people think and behave are influenced by their concept of love. The conventional view in biology is that there are two major thrusts in love: sexual attraction and attachment. The attachment between adults is thought to work on the same principles that cause the baby to stick to his mother. The traditional psychological view sees love as a combination of love and compassion. Passionate love is a strong longing, and is often accompanied by physiological passions (shortness of breath, rapid heartbeat); peer love is affection and a feeling of intimacy not accompanied by physiological passion.
Cultural view
Ancient Greek
Greece distinguishes several different senses in which the word "love" is used. The Ancient Greeks identified four forms of love: kinship or intimacy (in Greek, storge ), friendship and/or platonic desires (philia ), sexual and/or romantic desires eros ), and self-emptying or divine love ( agape ). Modern writers have distinguished the varieties of romantic love further. However, in Greek (as with many other languages), it is historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words in total. At the same time, the Ancient Greek text of the Bible has examples of verbs agapo that have the same meaning as phileo .
Agape ( ????? agÃÆ'¡p? ) means love in modern Greek. The term s'agapo means I love you in Greek. The word agapo is a verb I like . This generally refers to the "pure," ideal "love type, rather than the physical appeal suggested by eros . However, there are some examples of agape that are used equally with eros . It has also been translated as "soul love."
Eros ( ???? ÃÆ' Â © r? s ) (from language Greek god Eros) is a passionate love, with desire and sensual longing. The Greek word erota means in love . Plato perfected his own definition. Although eros is initially felt for a person, by contemplation, it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even a tribute to the beauty itself. Eros helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty and contribute to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek the truth with eros. Some translations refer to it as "body love".
Philia ( ????? philÃÆ'a ), love without virtue, is a concept addressed and developed by Aristotle in his Ethics Nicomachean VIII book. This includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and intimacy. Philia is motivated by practical reasons; one or both parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean "love of the mind."
Storge ( ?????? storg? ) is a natural affection, as perceived by parents for offspring.
Xenia (????? xenÃÆ'a ), hospitality, is a very important practice in ancient Greece. It was an almost ritual friendship formed between the host and his guest, who was previously probably a foreigner. The hosts feed and provide a place for guests, who are expected to pay only with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout Greek mythology - in particular, Homer Iliad and Odyssey .
Ancient_Roman_.28Latin.29 "> Ancient Roman (Latin)
Latin has several different verbs that correspond to the English word "love." me? is a basic verb meaning I like , with infinitive amare ("for love") as it still exists in Italy today. The Romans used it both in a loving and romantic or sexual sense. From these verbs come amans - a lover, an amateur, "a professional lover," often with the idea of ​​lechery accessories - and amica , "girlfriend" in the English sense, subtly for a prostitute. The corresponding noun is amor (the meaning of this term for Rome is well described in the fact that the name of City, Rome - in Latin: Romans - -can be seen as an anagram for amor , used as the city's secret name in large circles in ancient times), which is also used in the plural to show a love affair or sexual adventure. This same root also produces amicus - "friends" - and amicitia , "friendship" (often based on mutual benefit, and sometimes closely related to "debt" or "affect"). Cicero wrote a treatise called On Friendship ( de Amicitia ), which discussed the idea in some length. Ovid writes a guide for dating called Ars Amatoria ( The Art of Love ), which discusses, in depth, everything from infidelity to overly protective parents.
Latin sometimes uses me back where English will only say to like . This notion, however, is much more commonly expressed in Latin with the terms placere or delect? Re , which is used more daily, the latter often used in Catullus love poems. Diligere often has the idea of ​​"being affectionate," "to be appreciated," and rarely if ever used for romantic love. This word is right to describe the friendship of two men. The corresponding noun diligentia , however, has the meaning of "diligence" or "thoroughness," and has slightly overlapped semantics with verbs. Observare is a synonym for diligere ; although cognate with English, these verbs and corresponding nouns, observantia, often show "self-esteem" or "affection." Caritas is used in the Latin translation of the Christian Bible meaning "charity"; However, this meaning is not found in the classical pagan Roman literature. Since it emerges from an amalgamation with the Greek word, there is no corresponding verb.
Chinese and other Sinic Cultures
Two philosophical foundations of love exist in the Chinese tradition, one of Confucianism which emphasizes actions and obligations while the other comes from Mohism who fought for universal love. The core concept for Confucianism is the Ren ("love", ? ), which focuses on tasks, actions, and attitudes in a relationship rather than love itself. In Confucianism, a person displays love by acting like the devotion of the children, the good of the parents, the loyalty to the king and so on.
The concept of Ai (? ) was developed by the Chinese philosopher Mozi in the 4th century BC as a reaction to Confucianism followers of love. Mozi tries to substitute what he considers to be the Chinese's excessive attachment to family and clan structures with the concept of "universal love" ( ji? N'a i , ?? ). In this case, he argued directly against Confucians who believed that it was natural and right for people to care about different people in different degrees. Mozi, on the other hand, believes people in principle should care about everyone equally. Mohism emphasized that instead of adopting different attitudes toward different people, love must be unconditional and offered to everyone regardless of reciprocity, not just to friends, family and other Confucian relationships. Later in Chinese Buddhism, the term Ai (? ) was adopted to refer to loving love and considered a fundamental desire. In Buddhism, Ai is considered capable of being selfish or unselfish, the latter being a key element to enlightenment.
In contemporary Chinese, Ai (? ) is often used as the equivalent of the concept of Western love. Ai is used either as a verb (eg wo ai ni ??? , or " I love you ") and nouns (like aiqing ?? , or" romantic love "). However, due to the influence of Confucius Ren, the phrase 'Wo ai ni' (I love you) carries a very specific feeling of responsibility, commitment, and loyalty. Instead of often saying "I love you" as in some Western societies, the Chinese are more likely to express their feelings of affection in a more relaxed way. As a result, "I like you" ( Wo xihuan ni , ???? ) is a more common way to express affection in Chinese; it's more fun and less serious. This also applies in Japanese ( suki da , ??? ). The Chinese are also more likely to say "I love you" in English or other foreign languages ​​than their mother tongue. Japanese
Japanese uses three words to convey English equivalent to "love". Because "love" includes various emotions and behavioral phenomena, there are nuances that distinguish the three terms. The term ai (? ) , which is often associated with mother love or unconditional love, initially refers to beauty and often used in religious contexts. After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the term became associated with "love" to translate Western literature. Before the Western influence, the term koi (? ) generally represents romantic love, and is often a popular subject of Man'y? Sh? Collection of Japanese poems. Koi describes the yearning for a member of the opposite sex and is typically interpreted as selfish and wants. The origin of the term comes from the concept of lonely loneliness as a result of the separation from a loved one. Although the modern use of koi focuses on sexual love and madness, the Many? using the term to cover a broader range of situations, including gentleness, virtue, and material desires. The third term, ren'ai ( ) , is a more modern construct that combines a kanji character for both > ai and koi , though its use is more similar to koi in the form of romantic love.
Indian
Kama in Indian literature means "desire, desire or longing". In contemporary literature, kama usually refers to sexual desire. However, this term also refers to sensory pleasures, emotional appeal and aesthetic pleasures such as from art, dance, music, painting, sculpture and nature.
The concept of kama is found in some of the earliest verses known in the Vedas. For example, Book 10 of the Rig Veda describes the creation of the universe from nothingness by intense heat. There in song 129, he states:
Persian
Rumi, Hafiz and Sa'di are icons of passion and love displayed by Persian culture and language. The Persian word for love is Ishq , which is derived from Arabic, but is considered by most to be too strong a term for interpersonal love and more often replaced by "doost dashtan" ("likes"). In Persian culture, everything is covered by love and all for love, starting from loving friends and family, husband and wife, and finally achieving divine love which is the ultimate goal in life.
Religious view
Abrahamic religions
Christianity
Christian understanding is that love comes from God. The love of men and women - eros in Greek - and selfless love of others ( agape ), is often contrasted as "down" and "up" respectively, but in the end the same thing.
There are several Greek words for "love" that are often mentioned among Christians.
- Agape : In the New Testament, agap? is charity, selfless, altruistic, and unconditional. It is the love of the parents, seen as creating goodness in the world; it is God's way of looking human love, and it is seen as the kind of love that Christians want to have with each other.
- Phileo : Also used in the New Testament, phileo is the human response to something that is considered fun. Also known as "brotherly love."
- Two other words for love in Greek, eros (sexual love) and storge (child-to-parent love), were never used in the New Testament.
Christians believe that to love the Lord with all your heart, mind, and strength and to love your neighbor as yourself are the two most important things in life (the greatest commandment of the Jewish Torah, according to Jesus, see the Gospel of Mark chapter 12, verses 28-34). Saint Augustine sums it up when he writes " Love the Lord, and do as you die."
The apostle Paul glorified love as the most important virtue of all. Describing love in the famous poetic interpretation of 1 Corinthians, he writes, "Love is patient, love is good, not jealous, boastful, not boastous, not rude, unselfish," not easily angry, no record of error. Love does not like evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always believes, always hopes, and always persevering. "(1 Corinthians 13: 4-7, NIV)
The Apostle John wrote, "Because God so loved the world, which He gave to His Son, that whoever believes in him will not perish but has eternal life, for God has not sent His Son into the world to condemn the world , but to save the world through him. " (John 3: 16-17, NIV) John also wrote," My friends, let us love one another because love comes from God. born of God and knows God Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love. " (1 John 4: 7-8, NIV)
Saint Augustine says that one must be able to understand the difference between love and lust. Lust, according to Saint Augustine, is exaggerated, but to love and be loved is what he is looking for for the rest of his life. He even said, "I'm in love with love." Finally, he fell in love and was loved again, by God. Saint Augustine says the only one who can love you truly and completely is God, because love with humans only allows for defects such as "jealousy, suspicion, fear, anger, and opposition." According to Saint Augustine, to love God is "to achieve the peace that is yours." (Statement of Saint Augustine)
Augustine considered the command of compassion in Matthew 22 as the heart of Christian faith and biblical interpretation. After a review of Christian doctrine, Augustine treated the problem of love in terms of use and pleasure to the end of the Book of I of De Doctrina Christiana (1.22.21-1.40.44;).
Christian theologians see God as the source of love, which is reflected in people and their own love affair. The influential Christian theologian of C.S. Lewis wrote a book called The Four Loves . Benedict XVI wrote his first encyclical on "God is love". He says that a human being, created in the image of God, who is love, is capable of practicing love; to surrender himself to God and others (agape) and by receiving and experiencing God's love in contemplation (eros). This love life, he argues, is the life of the saints such as Teresa of Calcutta and the Blessed Virgin Mary and is the direction Christians take when they believe that God loves them.
And Pope Francis taught that "True love is love and letting ourselves be loved... what is important in love is not our love, but allow ourselves to be loved by God." Thus, in the analysis of a Catholic theologian, to Pope Francis, "the key to love... is not our activity, it is the greatest activity, and the source, of all forces in the universe: God."
In Christianity the practical definition of love is best summarized by St. Thomas Aquinas, who defines love as "for the good of others," or the desire for others to succeed. This is an explanation of the Christian's need to love others, including their enemies. As Thomas Aquinas explains, Christian love is motivated by the need to see others succeed in life, to be good people.
Regarding love for the enemy, Jesus is quoted in the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew:
"You've heard that it's said, 'Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be your Father's children in heaven: He causes the sun to rise above evil and goodness, and send rain to the righteous and the unrighteous If you love people who love you, what reward will you get? Do not the tax collectors do that? And if you just greet your own people, what do you do more than others? - the infidels do that? Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect. " - Matthew 5: 43-48
Tertullian writes about love for the enemy: "Our personal, wonderful, and perfect kind consists of loving our enemies, loving one's friends is a common practice, to love the only enemy among Christians."
Judaism
In Hebrew, ???? ( ahava ) is the most commonly used term for interpersonal love and love between God and the creation of God. Chesed, often translated as love, is used to describe the many forms of love among people.
The command to love others is given in the Torah, which states, "Love your neighbor as yourself" (Leviticus 19:18). The Torah to love God "with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your might" (Deuteronomy 6: 5) is taken by the Mishnah (the central text of the Jewish verbal law) to refer to good deeds, the willingness to sacrifice a person's life rather than to commit a serious offense certain willingness to sacrifice all the possessions of a person, and be grateful to the Lord despite difficulties (the treatise of Berachoth 9: 5). Rbiotic literature is different about how this love can be developed, for example, by contemplating divine deeds or witnessing natural wonders. The love between husband and wife is considered as an essential element of life: "See life with your beloved wife" (Ecclesiastes 9: 9). The Bible book, Song of Songs, is regarded as a romantic love metaphoric between God and His people, but in its simple reading, it is read as a love song. Rabi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler of the 20th century is often cited as the definition of love from the point of view of the Jews as "giving without expecting to take" (from his book Michtav me-Eliyahu , Vol.Ã, 1).
Islam
Love includes an Islamic view of life as a universal brotherhood that applies to all who have faith. Among the 99 names of Allah (Allah), there is the name Al-Wadud , or "The Merciful," found in Sura [Quran 11:90] and Surah [Quran 85:14] . God is also referenced at the beginning of each chapter in the Qur'an as Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim , or "The Merciful" and "Most Merciful", indicating that no one is more loving, compassionate and benevolent than God. The Qur'an refers to God as "full of love."
The Qur'an urges Muslims to treat all people, those who have not persecuted them, with birr or "profound kindness" as stated in the Surah [Quran 6: 8-9]/sup>. Birr is also used by the Qur'an in describing the love and kindness that children should show to their parents.
Ishq , or divine love, is the emphasis of Sufism in the Islamic tradition. Sufism practitioners believe that love is the projection of God's essence to the universe. God wants to recognize beauty, and as if one sees a mirror to see itself, God "sees" itself in the dynamic of nature. Because everything is a reflection of God, the school of tasawwuf practice to see the beauty inside that seems ugly. Sufism is often referred to as the religion of love. God in Sufism is mentioned in three main terms, namely Beloved, Loved, and Beloved, with this latter term often seen in Sufi poetry. The general perspective of Sufism is that through love, man can return to his innate holiness and grace. The saints of Sufism are famous for being "drunk" for their love of God; therefore, a constant reference to wine in Sufi poetry and music.
BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith
In his book Paris Talks, `Abdu'l-BahÃÆ'¡ describes four kinds of love: the love that flows from God to man; love that flows from man to God; God's love for the Self or the Identity of God; and human love for humans.
Indian Religions
Buddhism
In Buddhism, K? Ma is sensual, sexual love. This is an obstacle on the path to enlightenment, because it is selfish. Karu ?? is compassion and compassion, which reduces the suffering of others. This completes wisdom and is necessary for enlightenment. Adve? a and mett? is a kind love. This love is unconditional and requires great self-acceptance. This is very different from ordinary love, which is usually about attachment and sex and that rarely happens without self-interest. In contrast, in Buddhism it refers to detachments and selfless interests in the welfare of others.
Ideal Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism involves a complete denial of self to take on the burden of the suffering world. The strongest motivation one possesses to take Bodhisattva's path is the idea of ​​salvation in unselfish and altruistic love for all living beings.
Hinduism
In Hinduism, k? Ma is a delightful sexual love, personified by Lord Kamadeva. For many Hindu schools, it is the third goal ( Kama ) in life. Kamadeva is often depicted holding a cane bow and flower arrows; he may be riding a large parrot. He is usually accompanied by his consort Rati and his companion Vasanta, the spring lord. Images of Kamadeva and Rati rocks can be seen at the door of the Chennakeshava temple in Belur, in Karnataka, India. Maara is another name for k? ma .
In contrast to k? Ma , prema - or plum - refers to high love. Karuna is compassion and compassion, which encourages one to help reduce the suffering of others. Bhakti is a Sanskrit term, which means "the highest loving devotion to God." Someone who practices bhakti is called devotees . Hindu authors, theologians, and philosophers have distinguished the nine forms of bhakti , which can be found in the Bhagavata Purana and work by Tulsidas. The philosophical work of Narada Bhakti Sutras, written by an unknown author (thought to be Narada), distinguishes eleven forms of love.
In certain Waisnava sects in Hinduism, achieving unconditional, unconditional and endless love for Godhead is considered to be the ultimate goal of life. The Gaisha Vaishnavas who worship Krishna as the Supreme Personality of Almighty God and the cause of all causes consider Love for Almighty God (Prema) to act in two ways: sambhoga and vipralambha (unity and separation) - two contradictory things.
In a state of separation, there is an acute longing for being with a loved one and in a state of unity there is happiness and highest nobility. Gaudiya Vaishnavas considers that Krishna-prema (Love for God Almighty) is not fire but it still burns down one's material desires. They assume that K ??? a-prema is not a weapon, but it still pierces the heart. It is not water, but it washes everything - one's pride, religious rules, and one's shyness. Krishna-prema is thought to make one immersed in an ocean of ecstasy and transcendental pleasure. Love Radha, a cowherd girl, because Krishna is often cited as the supreme example of love for Almighty God by Gaudiya Vaishnavas. Radha is regarded as Krishna's internal potential, and is the supreme lover of the Almighty God. His example of love is considered to be beyond the understanding of the material world because it transcends all forms of selfish love or passion seen in the material world. The mutual love between Radha (beloved lover) and Krishna (God as the Most Loved One) are the subjects of many poetic compositions in India such as Gita Govinda and Hari Bhakti Shuddhodhaya.
In the Bhakti tradition in Hinduism, it is believed that the service of God leads to the development of Love for God (taiche bhakti-phale krsne prema upajaya) , and as love for God rises in the heart, the more one becomes free from contamination of the material (krishna-prema asvada haile, bhava nasa paya) . Being perfect in love with God or Krishna makes a person completely free from material contamination. and this is the last way of salvation or liberation. In this tradition, salvation or liberation is considered inferior to love, and only incidental by-products. Being absorbed in Love for God is considered the perfection of life.
Political view
Free love
The term free love has been used to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which is seen as a form of social bonding. The initial purpose of the Love movement is to separate the state from sexual things like marriage, birth control, and adultery. It is claimed that such issues are the concern of the people involved, and no one else.
Many people in the early nineteenth century believed that marriage was an important aspect of life to "fulfill the human worldly happiness." Middle-class Americans want home to be a place of stability in an uncertain world. This mentality creates a very clear vision of gender roles, which provoke the advancement of the free love movement in contrast.
The term " sex radicals " is also used interchangeably with the term "free lover", and is a term favored by supporters because of the negative connotation of "free love". In whatever name, proponents have two strong convictions: the opposition to the idea of ​​strong sexual activity in a relationship and advocacy for a woman to use her body in whatever way she wants. This is also Feminism's belief.
Philosophical views
The philosophy of love is the field of social philosophy and ethics that seeks to explain the nature of love. The philosophical inquiry of love involves the task of distinguishing between different kinds of personal love, asking whether and how love can or can be justified, asking what the value of love is, and what is the impact of love on the autonomy of both lovers and beloved.
Many different theories try to explain the nature and function of love. Explaining love to a hypothetical person who is not alone experiencing love or being loved will be very difficult because for such a person love will seem very strange if irrational behavior is not direct. Among the prevailing types of theories that try to explain the existence of love are: theories of psychology, most of whom regard love as a very healthy behavior; the theory of evolution which states that love is part of the process of natural selection; possible spiritual theories, such as to regard love as a gift from a god; and theories that regard love as an inexplicable mystery, much like mystical experiences.
There are many attempts to find love equations. One such attempt was made by Christian Rudder, a mathematician and founder of online dating site OKCupid, one of the largest online dating sites. A mathematical approach is through the collection of large data from dating sites. Another interesting love equation is found in the philosophical blog 'In the Quest of Truth'. Love is defined as the measure of selfless giving and receiving, and the author seeks to draw a graph showing the equation of love. Aggregates, dating resources show a new line of birth variables that effectively synchronize the couple in a naturally determined longing.
See also
- Love at first sight
- Polyamory
- Romantic (love)
References
Source
Further reading
-
Bayer, A, ed. (2008). Art and love in the Italian Renaissance. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
External links
- The History of Love, The Encyclopedia of Internet Philosophy
- Friendship on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Philanthropy in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Romantic on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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