fans , or fanatics, sometimes also called aficionado or supporters , is someone who eagerly pours out something or someone, like a singer or band, sports teams, genres, politicians, books, movies or entertainers. Collectively, fans of an object or a particular person form their fan base or fandom. They may show their enthusiasm in various ways, such as by promoting objects of interest, becoming fan club members, holding or participating in fan conventions, or writing fan letters. They can also engage in creative activities ("fan work") such as creating fanzines, writing fan fiction, making memes or drawing a fan's work.
Video Fan (person)
Etymology
Merriam-Webster, the Oxford dictionary and other sources define "fans" as a shortened version of the word fanatical . Fanatic itself, introduced to English around 1550, means "marked by excessive enthusiasm and often uncritical devotion". It comes from the Latin Modern
Supporters are synonyms for "fans" that precede the last term and are still commonly used in English English, especially to show sports team fans. However, the term "fan" has become popular throughout the English-speaking world, including the UK. The term support is also used in the political sense in the United States, for fans of politicians, political parties, and controversial issues.
Maps Fan (person)
Characteristics
Fans usually have a strong enough interest that some changes in their lifestyle are made to accommodate the devotion to the focus object. Fans have a desire for external engagement - they are motivated to show their involvement with areas of interest through specific behaviors (attending conventions, posting online, displaying team banners outside their homes, etc.). Fans often have a "desire to acquire" material objects related to areas of interest, such as baseball being hit by famous sluggers or picked guitars used from their musical heroes. In addition, some fans have a desire to interact socially with other fans. This can again take many forms, from casual conversations, emails, chat rooms, and electronic mailing lists to regular face-to-face meetings like fan club meetings and organized conventions.
There are several groups of fans who can be distinguished based on the level of intensity of their level of engagement or interest in the hobby (level of fanaticism). The possibility for an interesting topic to be raised to a fandom level seems dictated by its complexity. Complexity allows further fan engagement for longer periods of time because the time it takes to work the subject is pulling out. It also contributes to a greater sense of ownership because of the mental effort invested in the subject.
Fan culture
Type
Celebrity
These fans will often have a crush on big movie stars, pop stars, athletes or celebrities (see teen idol). Groupie is an example, a fan of a particular band or musician, who will follow them on a concert tour. The level of devotion to a celebrity can range from a simple crush to a deceptive belief that they have a special relationship with a non-existent star. In extreme cases, this can cause celebrity worship syndrome, stalking behavior. It can easily turn to the hatred of previously beloved celebrities, and result in attempts at violent attacks, a notable incident is the death of Rebecca Schaeffer by a stalker in 1989.
This is somewhat related to the concept of parasocial interaction in which the audience develops a one-sided relationship with media characters and celebrities.
Game
Game enthusiasts, or "gamers," are fans who focus on non-sports games, usually role-playing games, board games, miniature wargames, collection card games, or video games.
Music
Music fans can be slightly different from fans of certain musicians, as they may focus on music genres. Many trade journals around music, such as Rolling Stone , were created by music fans. Famous music enthusiasts are groupie Cynthia Plaster Caster, which is famous for making many casts of rock star penis. Another is Pamela Des Barres, author of I'm With The Band . Non-groupies fans who prefer the term support .
Musical
Popular musicals have their own fan groups. Rent has boasted a large number of 'Rentheads' since its Broadway debut, as well as those who serve The Phantom of the Opera calling themselves 'Phans'.
otaku
otaku is a Japanese term for people with obsessive interests. In Japan, the term is usually insulting, a lack of connotation in English, where it generally refers to people in the anime and manga fandom.
Politics
People who approve or associate themselves with certain politicians or political groups are generally called "supporters" rather than "fans", even if there are politicians with official or unofficial "fan clubs." Strong and organized support for a politician can be called a personality cult, especially in authoritarian or totalitarian regimes.
Professional wrestling
Professional wrestling fans can be divided into two groups: signs and smarks. Derived from the same term for conmen prey, the sign is a fan who believes that everything associated with professional wrestling is real. Instead, "smark" is a fan who recognizes that they watched the work that the stage managed ("kayfabe"), but still appreciated, including the backstage aspect of it.
Science fiction
Since the 1920s, an increasingly complex subculture of organized science fiction has emerged, initially among correspondents with the science fiction magazine columns. This non-centralization movement has spawned science fiction fanzines (and amateur press associations), science fiction conventions, Hugo Awards (and various copycat/derivatives), music filks, "fan funds" like the Trans Atlantic Fan Fund, and other institutions, jargon and customs. It has fostered writers and artists such as Ray Bradbury, Roger Ebert, Lenny Kaye, Michael Moorcock and Trina Robbins; and has produced spin-offs such as comic book fandom, media fandom, Society for Creative Anachronism, fandom games, and hairy fandom, sometimes collectively referred to as "fringe fandoms".
Science fiction fiction developed its own slang, known as fanspeak after the "Newspeak" of the Nineteen Eighty-four novel. Fanspeak consists of acronyms, mixed words, obscure in-jokes, wordplay, coins from novels or science fiction films, and ancient or ancient English words used in certain ways that are relevant or entertaining to the fictional community scientific. Some fanspeak terms, such as fanzine have become standard English. Some fanspeak terms relate to the fans themselves:
- Active is a fan involved in "fanac" (fan activity), such as producing fanzine or running a convention. The reverse is a Passifan, who likes the subject of fandom and is not directly involved in the fandom.
- Big Name Fans (BNF) are fans who become famous in fandom for their contributions in many ways, such as the title of the main blog or contributing to the franchise itself.
- Fanne is used in the early fandom as a feminine equivalent to "fan".
- Fen is used in fandom as the plural of the word "fan", by analogy with "male" as the plural of "human". This is extended to other fanspeak terms, generating active, passive, truffled, and so on.
- A Trufan is a very active and dedicated fan.
Specific fictional science fiction sub-groups are often known as collectibles. As an example:
- Trekkies are fans focused on the Star Trek science fiction franchise . Emerging from their science fiction fiction, to some extent, has served as a template for other organized fandom-fandom in science fiction television and movie genres. Some "Trekkies" prefer to be called "Trekkers" because they feel the term "Trekkies" is used in the past as a degrading name for them and they hope to avoid the traditional stigma sometimes associated with being known as "Trekkie". Many of the "old school" fans of Star Trek are challenging, and proudly, referring to themselves, and other Star Trek fans, as "Trekkies" rather than better, softer "Trekker" name used by many of the newer generation of Star Trek fans .
- Whovians is a fan of the world's longest science fiction television show, Doctor Who.
Sports
Sports fans can be fans for athletes, teams, sports, or all the organized sports overall. Sports fans often attend sporting events at stadiums, at sports bars, or watch them at home on television, and keep up with news through newspapers, websites and social media.
Sports enthusiast mentality is often such that they will experience a game, or event when living through a player or team that fans love. This behavior manifests itself in a number of different ways, depending on the place. In stadiums or arenas, sports fans will voice their pleasure with a particular incident, player, or team with a cheer, which consists of applause, pumping, or shouting positive appeals towards the game and finally, a lucrative object. Likewise, displeasure with certain incidents, players, or teams can be met by fans with ridicule, cursing and sometimes throwing objects onto the field. This type of ferocious fan reaction is often called hooliganism.
Lighter, more dangerous objects are also sometimes thrown into certain playing fields as a form of lucrative sports feast celebrations. This is most common when members of the home team scored a hat trick in hockey. Other milder forms of displeasure shown by sports fans at sporting events involve simple complaints of disappointment, and silence. This action often indicates that the favored home team is defeated by, or lost to a less favored road team.
In North America, enthusiastic fans are often called "super fans": fans dressed up in costumes and excessive or extravagant clothes that show their devotion. Fanbases are renowned for their tenacious love and enduring support called fanatical or fanatics. These fans often gather for hours before the game in what is known as tailgation or tailgating.
In sports bars, sports fans will gather together, often while eating alcoholic beverages and drinks, with the aim of attending certain sports events on television as a group. Sports bars often advertise in the hope of attracting fans from certain players or teams to watch together to improve the bond between fans and prevent a fight. This can create a sense of unity in the sports bar as all the cheers and boos will look synchronized because of the same feelings and reactions by almost all fans in the luck and misfortune of the team or the preferred athlete. Due to the level of devotion and intensity of feelings towards teams or athletes favored by sports bar visitors, as well as in part because of the alcohol presented, the behavior that will be seen as irregular or fanatical outside the sports bar is generally more common in than one. The intensity of cheering and booing at sports bars by sports enthusiasts can often range from equal to stronger than actual fans at sporting events for very important matches and games.
At home, sports fans may have fewer fans but also more freedom. This is sometimes where the most intense cheers or ridicule will occur. In the fans' own homes, the uncontrollable and long screams, crying, destructive acts against household objects, and other manifestations of joy or sadness, may be seen as the most acceptable compared to sports bars or sports venues simply because of such an act done extreme can be seen as disturbing a large number of fellow fans even if they share the same sentiments if the intensity is less. The biggest variable of the reaction of sports fans in their own homes is the intensity of the fans' desire to see their team win or perform well, and another presence: often a wife, children, or friends who may be significantly less enthusiastic about sports fans or not sports enthusiasts altogether, which can significantly weaken a fan's reaction to a very positive or negative moment for fear of causing a scene or frightening those close to the fans, or distancing themselves from others. Often sports fans will invite other fans of a relatively similar rooting intensity to their homes to experience sporting events together so that everyone involved can voice pleasure or displeasure with their hearts and increase the bonds together in the process. It is common for this type of bond to occur in sports-related social networks such as eFans.
Psychology and fan motif
Sports
Drivers that make people fans, and especially sports fans, have been studied by psychologists, such as Dan Wann at Murray State University, and communication scholars, such as Adam Earnheardt at Youngstown State University.
They connect the people who are fans with the following factors: One element is entertainment, because the sporting spectacle is a form of recreation. Exercise is also a form of escape, and being a fan gives one reason to shout at something, an activity that may be constrained in other areas of one's life. Fan activity gives participants a combination of euphoria and stress (about the potential loss of their team) which they name "eustress". Fans experience euphoria when the moment when the play goes well for their team, and the stress while playing will be against their team. The tension between these two emotions produces an unusual pleasure or an increased sensation.
Aesthetics are another attraction for some fans, who appreciate the precision or skill of playing, or the coordinated movements of the players during the planned "game". Family bonding is the reason for some fan activity. Some families watch regular television sports and go to sporting events as a family outing to watch shows and form a psychological bond with each other and as a family. Going to a sporting event can create a sense of self-worth that is borrowed if fans identify with their team as long as they consider themselves successful when their team succeeds (eg, as seen in the phrase "we win"). If a fan identifies with a favorite team, they will respond to team performance as if the team's success is personal success and team failure is a personal failure.
Loyalty
Fan loyalty is the loyalty that fans feel expressed about the object of their fanaticism. Allegiances can be strong or weak. The friendship of sports fans has been studied by psychologists and is often reviewed.
Fangirls and fanboys sometimes fandom, with various meanings, regard their fandom as their "family", and feel very loyal to him, usually.
"Stan" fan
A booth is a very (probably excessive) fan and supporter of celebrities, TV shows, groups, or movies or series movies. The object of the booth's affection is often called their "fave". Based on the 2000 song "Stan" by American rapper Eminem, the term is often used to describe fanatical fanatical fans in accordance with the severity of obsessive characters in the song. The word has been described as a portmanteau of "stalkers" and "fans". A website known as "Stan Wars" or "stanipedia" evolved to host discussions and fire wars between rival fanbases.
Usage
Everyday language, this term can be used either as a noun or verb. Stans from certain singers are often given more detailed names, such as "Arianators" for Ariana Grande fans and "Belieber" for Justin Bieber fans. Some artists, however, have no special titles attributed to their stans; Kylie Minogue's fans have been called Kylie Stans. Even for a fandom with a certain title, the formula "artist booth" is still valid.
Prevalence
Some of these monikers are almost universally known and used by fans of artists as well as outsiders. Other nicknames are not commonly used, either by outsiders or by fan-base, such as Kylie Minogue called "Kylie Stans", Madonna called "Madonna fans" Maroon 5 called "Maroon 5 Stans" or Nick Jonas called "Nick Jonas Fans "usually appear on social media networks like Twitter and Tumblr, The term" booth "is also used to describe K-pop fans. The term is not to be confused with Sasaeng fans, who are too obsessed with stalking fans and sometimes endanger the idol. However, Stans is just a very dedicated fan.
The term was added to the Oxford English Dictionary by 2017.
Celebrity Reactions
Celebrities have reacted positively to their "booth". In particular, British singer-songwriter Jessie J said it was about her booth, "They supported me and bought my albums and singles, and they stood outside the hotel, and they came to the show, and they got tattoos from my lyrics and they cut hair like me.You must love your fans.That's why I call them my Heartbeats, because without them I will not be here ". In 2012, the booth for Jessie J broke her leg to imitate her own foot injury. Fans tracked down Jessie J's personal address and sent him a photo of his self-inflicted wound. The singer was horrified and decided to improve his security.
Singer-songwriter Lorde has a different opinion about the matter of giving nicknames to his followers. He was discouraged by saying "I feel the lattice to silence everyone into a name that is really awkward, centered on words" and insists that he will never name his fanbase.
Gender stereotype
Fanboy
Fanboys are often portrayed as "angry nerds", overly aggressive, insulting, and defending the object of their obsession, or as eager, geekoid, and obsessive objective male enthusiasts. The term nerds, defined as "unimportant, ignorant, or socially incompetent people, conventional or industrious boring people, people who pursue non-fashionable or highly technical interests with obsessive or exclusive dedication," as well as geek terms, are defined as "[a] people [...] who are regarded as ignorant, offensive, worthless, a student who is too industrious, unfriendly, anyone who does not care obsessive is aimed at a particular pursuit," is often used to describe stereotypical fanboys. In terms of selected fandom, they are usually associated with comic books, video games, science fiction films or television series, or technology (such as computers or smartphone brands).
Exceptions to this depiction are sports fans, who are expected to be sexually open, and aggressive. This depiction is particularly dominant in the sports arena, which provides a legitimate site for men to act in hyper masculine ways. According to Williams, "Many [men] want to be sexist and racist openly, they must have an excessive sense of sexuality to defend themselves against accusations that they are not real men."
Social gender role
According to Jackson Katz in the documentary Tough Guise 2, boys are taught from the start that to be their "real men" they must be tough and do not show their feelings.
[Man] can not show any emotion except anger. We can not think too much or seem too intellectual. We can not retreat when someone insults us. We have to show that we are tough enough to cause physical pain and take it in turns. We should be sexually aggressive with women. And then we are taught that if we step out of this box, we risk being seen as gentle, weak, feminine, or gay.
He then explained, stating that,
Qualities such as compassion, caring, empathy, intellectual curiosity, fear, vulnerability, even love - the basic human qualities boys have in them just like girls - are methodically expelled from them by sexist and homophobic cultures that label things this is as 'unmanly', 'feminine', 'feminine', and 'gay', and teaches boys to avoid it by all means. And, most importantly, they are taught that real men turn to violence not as a last resort, but as a way to resolve disputes - and also as a primary means of winning respect and building masculine credibility.
In the predecessor of this documentary film, Tough Guise, Katz also discussed body image issues, using many movies, such as Terminator and Rambo , as well as figures actions like GI Joe, to illustrate how 'real men' are defined as big, strong, and muscular.
The fanboy depictions, by definition, do not fit into this 'real man' print, with the exception of sports fans. In a study by Gerard Jones on comic book fans, he described comic book fanboys as "small, anxious, withdrawn, and afraid of the opposite sex." Quite the opposite of the 'real man' previously described by Katz. Their interests can also be considered as deviations from social gender roles, according to Noah Berlastsky, such as playing Dungeons and Dragons in exchange for football. This lack of traditional masculine traits guarantees them a lot of flirting from their peers, parents, coaches, or older male role models because they do not fit into these masculine ideas. A popular example of such treatment in mainstream media is shown in the sitcom Big Bang Theory , where, several times during the performance, the four main characters, described as' bookish nerds', are humiliated by 'real men ' the greater one. For example, in a demonstration show, two main characters, Leonard and Sheldon, get their pants taken by a former girlfriend of the main woman, who is portrayed as big, strong, tough, confident, and successful with women.
Furthermore, fanboys also deal with issues of gender discrimination in relation to their fandom interests. For example, the Bronies, a group of young men fascinated by the TV show My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic , an event usually reserved for young girls, is often the target of ridicule. Their interest in 'feminine' media items can be a cause of great shame, causing many to become 'private' bronies, enjoying the show in secret for fear.
Violence
Fanboys are often portrayed as very angry, rude, and offensive when defending objects of their affection, such as fanboy smartphones who often verbally attack anyone who says something a little offensive about the technology products they choose through anonymous online sites. In fact, the term 'fanboy' is often used as an affront to other fans, considered unreasonable, arrogant, or overly loyal to their affectionate token of choice.
Such defensiveness stands out for women who are interested in the fandom they choose or that pose a "threat" to their community. For example, in 2012, male gamers create Flash games where players can physically attack Anita Sarkeesian, a woman who launched Kickstarter to create a series of documentaries about the role of women in a video game.
This violent action against the Sarkeesian continues in 2014, during a controversial event or movement known as GamerGate, where the Sarkeesian receives many threats by fanboys due to Tropes vs. Women's series on YouTube, where he analyzes the limited and sexist female roles available in the video games. This threat is increasingly dangerous, requiring him to leave his home for fear of his safety, and to cancel the conversation at the State University of Utah after the threat of mass firing on campus because of his presence. Discriminatory acts that are discriminatory against women are not separate cases. For example, fans of men's comic books often harass women who frequently visit comic book stores either by humbling them or by hitting them, causing them to feel uncomfortable and excluded from the fan community.
Fangirl
Fangirl is often described as a teenager obsessed with something to a frightening degree. This term is often used in a condescending and insulting way to describe fans who give bad names to bad fans. In fact, the term "fangirling" is used to describe anyone who obsessively follows a particular fandom to the point where it interferes with their daily lives. The trend of 'authentic' versus 'unauthentic' fans is common in the fan community, and especially with regard to gender discrimination and misogynistic ideals. However, on the other side of the spectrum, some fangirls have embraced the title, remembering it as a compliment rather than a condescending term.
Discrimination
Women tend to be "more limited in their choices and opportunities than men," and their experience in fandoms is usually lowered to more sexual, emotional, or body experiences, as opposed to intellectual interests. For example, in music, women are more dominant, and accepted, in pop music fandoms, depicted by Diane Railton as evoking an emotional and physical response, unlike 'masculine' rock music, which is defined as 'serious' music with a 'meaning' focusing on political, cultural, and psychological discussions. Because of this, women are rarely given space or sound in the intellectual field of music. According to Frank Zappa, "men come to hear music and girls coming for sex sensation," implying that women's involvement in the fan community is purely sexual, and that they are unable to show any intellectual or artistic interest in the music itself. Those who successfully engage in the 'serious' music world are often relegated to the 'groupie' realm. Groupie, according to Cheryl Cline, is
[A] person (woman, usually), who pursues' rock star, as my mother said. But 'groupie' is also used more or less synonymously with 'Rock fan girl', 'female journalist', and 'female rock musician'; this is used to mean anyone who works in the realm of music that is not a rock musician; it is used as an insult to all goals and prostitutes against one's professionalism; it is used as a funny term for 'hero worship'; and it is used interchangeably with 'fans'.
In other words, the term 'groupie' (used synonymously with 'fan' or 'fangirl') is often used to embarrass women involved in the music community, limiting their involvement to sexual relations with band members or worshiping male rock stars.
This trend can also be observed in other fan communities, such as comic book fandom, where women are often described as "Fake Girls Geek", only interested in comic books to impress people or to see interesting men present in their content, or community sports, where women are often made uncomfortable in direct sporting events because of open sexism and aggressive masculinity displayed by male audiences, and then labeled as 'unauthentic' to watch games via television. In hockey, female fans are often called "Puck Bunnies", defined as,
[S] omeone around the players, always looking for an opportunity to get a signature/photo/quick cup [beverage/knee fast on the back of the Arena from players or players (or even coaches) of their choice, let's face even water carriers having opportunity here.
These labeling practices can be found repeatedly in many male-dominated fan communities, used to belittle women fans and throw them into the realm beyond 'real fans'.
Such discrimination against female fans could become violent at times in an attempt to police "authenticity". The latest event known as GamerGate provides a good example of such an attack, where many women working in the gaming industry become victims of sexual harassment and the threat of violence, some even being forced to leave their homes for fear of physical confrontation.
Behavior and age
In terms of their involvement in fandom, fangirl is usually described as losing all control, fainting, crying, and dashing in mass. For example, when describing the Beatlemania phenomenon, fan activity is described by stating that:
The proper reaction to the Beatles - like occupying the same auditorium or city block - is to cry uncontrollably while shouting, 'I will die, I will die,' or, more optimistically, the favorite Beatle name, until the unconscious or laryngitis. Girls pee in their pants, faint, or just faint from emotional distress.
The so-called 'hysteria' fangirl is referred to as a product of sexual oppression. However, while it is expected for women to engage in certain fandom-fandom for physical or sexual reasons, it is also viewed as undesirable and driven by hormonal changes.
This act of worship is socially limited to young adolescents, or menopausal women, in both cases who blame these two "periods of hormonal madness" on irrational and irrational sexual behavior. For example, Cheryl Cline, in her text entitled "Essays of the Bitch: Women's Rock Bulletin with Bite", discusses how women need to hide their interests after they pass through adolescence. In his own words, "This is a sign of maturity to pack all the unauthorized posters, photographs, magazines, scrapbooks, and biographies you collect lovingly and push them behind the wardrobe, and then discuss the Beatlemania and Beatles' fangirl behavior. crazy, Barbara Ehrenreich, Elizabeth Heiss, and Gloria Jacobs mention how the 'only cure' for what at that time is considered an affliction is age, and that's the same as "the girls who shout for Frank Sinatra," Beatles fangirls will " [grow] to be responsible, housewife settled. "
Accounts that conflict with this fangirl behavior are due to the belief that women should not express such sexual fantasies unless influenced by some hormonally induced madness, whereas for men it is normal to be sexual regardless of age. As Cheryl Cline explains,
It is much easier for a man to spoil dismissed teenage girls than to think equally about the sexual fantasies women love when they are about others. And the same person who will leave Penthouse in the bathroom will shout, 'No woman of mine will hang a naked Prince poster to the waist in the inside of the spare room cupboard where no one will see it! '[...] [U] You reach an age when everyone thinks you are crazy too, so why not admit a strong aversion to running your finger through Willie Nelson's mustache?
See also
- Fan art
- Fan club
- Fansite
- Fan activism
References
-
Daniel L. Wann; Merrill J. Melnick; Gordon W. Russell; Dale G. Pease (2001). SportFans: Psychology and Social Impact of the Audience . London: Routledge. ISBNÃ, 0-415-92463-4. - Tucker, Bob. Neo-Fan To Science Fiction Fandom Guide. Issue 8, 1996. KaCSFFS Press. No ISBNs listed.
External links
- Merriam-Webster: fan
- Oxford dictionary: fan
- Notes about fandom
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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