Chocolate Hills (Cebuano: Mga Bungtod sa Tsokolate ; Philippines: Mga Tsokolateng Burol ) is a geological formation in the province of Bohol in the Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills but there may be as many as 1,776 hills spread over an area of ​​more than 50 square kilometers (20 m²). They are covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate) during the dry season, hence its name.
Chocolate Hills is a popular tourist attraction in Bohol. They are featured in provincial flags and seals to symbolize the abundance of natural attractions in the province. They are on the list of tourist destinations of the Philippine Tourism Authority in the Philippines; they have been declared National Geological Monuments of the three countries and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Video Chocolate Hills
Description Edit
The Chocolate Hills form a rolling field of hills of hay hills - the shape is generally conical and almost symmetrical. Estimated from 1,268 to about 1,776 individual mounds, these conical or dome-shaped hills are actually made of limestone covered with grass. Dome varies in size from 30 to 50 meters (98 to 164Ã, ft) high with the largest being 120 meters (390Ã, ft) in height. The "main attraction" of Bohol, these unique mound-shaped hills are scattered by hundreds of people throughout the towns of Carmen, Batuan and Sagbayan in Bohol.
During the dry season, the grass-covered hills dry up and turn into brown chocolate. This turns the area into a row of "brown kisses" that seem endless. The branded confection is the inspiration behind the name, Chocolate Hills.
Vegetation Edit
Vegetation from Chocolate Hills is dominated by species of grass such as Imperata cylindrica and Saccharum spontaneum . Some Compositae and fern also grow on them. Among the hills, flat land is cultivated with rice and other commercial crops. However, the natural vegetation at Chocolate Hills is now threatened by excavation activities.
Origin Edit
The Chocolate Hills are cone-shaped sack hills similar to those seen in limestone areas in Slovenia, Croatia, northern Puerto Rico, and Pinar del RÃÆ'o Province, Cuba. These hills consist of the End Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene, thin limestone limestone, sandy limestone sea rocks. These limestones contain abundant fossils of shallow sea forimbifera, corals, mollusks, and algae. These conical hills are a geomorphological feature called karst cockpit, created by a combination of limestone dissolution by rainfall, surface water, and groundwater, and their subaerial erosion by rivers and streams after they are lifted above sea level and cracked by tectonics. process. These hills are separated by flat terrain that is well developed and contains many caves and springs. The Chocolate Hills are regarded as a remarkable example of the cone-shaped cone topography.
The origin of the cone-shaped rust from Chocolate Hills is described in popular terms on the bronze plaque on the viewing deck at Carmen, Bohol. This plaque states that they erode a formation of a kind of sea limestone that is above the hardened clay. The plaque reads:
The unique soil shape known as Chocolate Hills of Bohol was formed centuries ago by increased coral deposits and rainwater action and erosion.
The plaque also refers to the fantastic explanation of the origins of Chocolate Hills not supported by published scientific research, Hillmer or Travaglia and others, when it states:
grassy hills were once coral reefs that erupted from the ocean in a large geological shift. Wind and water give the final touch for hundreds of thousands of years.
The self-published and popular webpage presents strange and less credible explanations of how these hills formed. They include sub-oceanic volcanism; limestone covering blocks created by the destruction of an active volcano in a powerful eruption; coral reefs raised from the sea as a result of massive geological shifts; and tidal movement. The absence of affected or related volcanic rock anywhere in Chocolate Hills refutes a popular theory involving volcanic eruptions. These theories involve a large and sudden geological shift, coral reefs erupting from the sea, or tidal movements lacking in evidence and reinforcing support among geologists.
Legend Edit
Three legends explain the formation of Bukit Cokelat. The first one tells the story of two conflicting giants who throw stones, stones, and sand each other. The battle lasted for days, and spent two giants. In their exhaustion, they forgot about their feud and become friends, but when they left, they forgot to clear the chaos they made during their battle, then Chocolate Hills.
A more romantic legend tells of a giant named Arogo who is very strong and youthful. Arogo falls in love with Aloya, who is an ordinary human being. Aloya's death caused Arogo much pain and misery, and in his sorrow he could not stop crying. As the tears dried up, the Chocolate Hills formed.
The third legend tells of the city being plagued by a giant carabao, who ate all of their crops. Finally because it is enough, the townspeople take all their broken food and put it in such a way that carabao will not miss it. Sure enough, carabao ate it, but his stomach could not handle spoiled food, so he defecated, leaving a pile of dirt, until he emptied his stomach from food. The dirt then dries up, forming Chocolate Hills.
Maps Chocolate Hills
Tourism Edit
Of the 1,247 hills, two have been developed into resorts for tourism in 2006.
The original observation station of Chocolate Hills is a government-owned and operated resort called "Chocolate Hills Complex" located in Carmen, Bohol, about 55 km (34 miles) from Tagbilaran. Another way to see Chocolate Hills is at Sagbayan Peak, a mountain resort in the city of Sagbayan. It is 18 km (11 miles) from the Chocolate Hills complex in neighboring Carmen.
Protection Edit
Legislation Edit
The National Committee of Geological Sciences declared Chocolate Hills of Bohol as National Geological Monument on June 18, 1988, in recognition of special characteristics, scientific interests, uniqueness, and high value of beauty. Thus, this includes Chocolate Hills among state protected areas. More protection is provided by the Proclamation. 1037 signed by President Fidel V. Ramos on the recommendation of DENR on 1 July 1997 establishing the Chocolate Hills and the area within, in and around the municipality located in the Municipality of Carmen, Batuan and Sagbayan, Bilar, Valencia and Sierra Bullones, Bohol Province as a natural monument to protect and preserve its natural beauty and provide a mechanism of detention for inappropriate exploitation. As such, they are covered by the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) as the main implementing agency for its protection.
Land-use conflicts prompted Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo to sign amendments to Proclamation 468 dated 26 September 1994 declaring the land around or between Chocolate Hills as no longer part of the national monument during the Sandugo Bohol Festival on July 17, 2002. This amendment allows the land channel around and within famous sights to be developed by the provincial government and other entities that have control over the region. Furthermore, amended proclamations ensure that areas to be conserved shall be maintained, whereas those that may be developed shall be excluded from the territory of national monuments and classified as removable and disposed of by the government. The President initially resolved this issue during a meeting with the Regional Development Council of Regional VII Regional Peace and Order (RDC-RPOC) held at Bohol Tropics Resort.
The bill has been filed to strengthen the protection of the hills. On July 6, 2004, the Philippine People's Representative Council introduced Bill no. 01147 entitled "an act declaring Chocolate Hills as a monument to national and geological heritage, punishing them with plunder, destruction or destruction, and for other purposes." The house bill was written by congressman Eladio "Boy" Nets and co-authored by members of Congress Roilo Z. Golez and Edgar M. Chatto. Though this has not been legalized into law.
On May 16, 2006, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) handed Chocolate Hills to the UNESCO World Heritage to be included in the list of Natural Monuments due to the extraordinary universal value, including in the criteria vii - superlative natural phenomena or extraordinary natural beauty areas and important aesthetics. Protection, management, authenticity and integrity of property are also important considerations.
Amid reports that the excavations have flattened several bumps, Governor Erico Aumentado, governor of Bohol, issued the No. of Administrative Urals. 3, series of 2006, which prohibits the issuance of excavation licenses and favorable support from the mining permit application in Carmen, Batuan. and Sagbayan cities to prevent the degradation of Chocolate Hills - no matter who goes for it.
The hills have been declared as geological monuments and are covered by the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) where the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is the main implementing agency. Aumentado said:
The provincial government exerts every effort to preserve and preserve natural wonders - including the intermediate plains, connecting and surrounding it - as they are a major attraction in the Bohol tourism industry and its heritage to share with the world.
Thus, he ordered a ban on excavation and mining activities in three cities. He commissioned Bohol Environment and Office Management (BEMO) to ensure that the application of quarantine permits or renewals and requests for favorable support from the mining permit application therein will be rejected for the course, and to ensure compliance and enforcement of orders. He also ordered the DENR Mining and Geoscience Bureau (MGB) to refuse all applications for mining permits or renewals in the cities named.
Problems Edit
Balancing their protection, resource use and tourism are challenges faced by Chocolate Hills. Before they were designated as a national geological monument, several hills (about 310,455 ha (1,200 sq mi) were classified as removable and disposable land or private land so that they were given titles for some local residents, causing some social unrest, resulting in an uprising civilians almost simultaneously, led by the long-established New People's Army (commonly described as Maoist guerrillas) built a new front, known as the Chocolate Hills Command.For some peasants, the proclamation is a government scheme that suppresses their right to own land. thus, the conflict between the New People's Army and government military forces has risen, culminating in two major agreements.
Being a ground that can be dumped and dumped, Chocolate Hills is seen as a digging asset and a source of income for small-scale miners, as well as mining materials for provincial construction projects. The challenge is how national and local officials can align the current needs of small-scale miners, the construction sector and the tourism sector with the preservation of Chocolate Hills.
Even with their protected status, mining permits continue to be provided by DENR and local government units or LGUs. Therefore, mining and excavation are still ongoing. Therefore, the provincial government of Bohol has requested the transfer of jurisdiction over Chocolate Hills from DENR to the provincial government of Bohol.
Meanwhile, the provincial government itself proposes that the law defining the Natural Monument should be changed, which would require that the proclamation be re-copied and ratified by the Philippine House and Senate. This is a complicated and expensive process, in which no progress has been made to date.
There were also complaints that culminated due to mismanagement and bad service in the government owned and operated Chocolate Hills compound and restaurant. Added to this is an increasing number of tourists visiting Chocolate Hills that have caused traffic problems and security issues, especially in the Chocolate Hills complex in Carmen, Bohol.
Future challenges of development and investment in the Chocolate Hills area include: getting national government sanctions for the project; persuade landowners to sell; convincing the Protected Area Management Board or PAMB, which has jurisdiction over the hills, does not exercise veto rights over any investment requiring physical facilities.
Because the proclamation of natural monuments forbids "any activity that will change, mutilate, destroy or destroy the hill." The 2003 amendment regulates activity among private areas "between hills"
The Filipinos are sensitive to the perceived so-called so-called heritage sites. In 2003, public protests forced a construction company to stop excavations in Chocolate Hills, and needed to restore a damaged hill to its original form.
Investment challenges include speculators offering property prices in the area, increasing the potential cost of the proposed project. Persuading investors to put their money into poor parts of Bohol is complicated by the communist guerrillas who extort money from local officials. After his refusal to pay extortion, the Mayor of Torrefranca from Sagbayan, Bohol has survived two murder attempts since 1998. In the 1998 election, his car was burned for failure to pay "permission for campaign expenses".
Gallery Edit
See also Edit
- List of protected areas in the Philippines
- Breast-shaped hill
References Edit
External links Edit
- UNESCO World Heritage: The Coklat Hills Natural Monument
- Chocolate Hills, Bohol
Articles Edit
- Chocolate Hills Chocolate Hills travel information
- The Chocolate Hills
- "Guv publishes an order to protect Choco Hills, aiding harsh workers", Bohol Sunday Post , 06/11/06
- Bohol Chocolate Hills
- House Bill 001147
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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