Alkalosis

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Alkalosis is the result of the process of reducing the concentration of hydrogen ions of arterial blood plasma ( alkalemia ). In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher). Alkalosis is usually divided into categories of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis or combined respiratory/metabolic alkalosis.

Video Alkalosis

Signs and symptoms

Metabolic alkalosis is usually accompanied by low blood potassium concentration, causing, for example, muscle weakness, muscle aches, and muscle cramps (from impaired skeletal muscle function), and muscle spasms (from impaired smooth muscle function).

It can also cause low blood calcium concentrations. As blood pH increases, blood-transporting proteins, such as albumin, become more ionized into anions. This results in free presence of calcium in the blood to bind more strongly with albumin. If severe, it can cause tetany.

Maps Alkalosis

Cause

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, which causes loss of carbon dioxide. The compensatory mechanism for this would include increased dissociation of the carbonic acid buffer between into hydrogen ions, and associated bicarbonate excretion, both of which decrease blood pH. Hyperventilated induced alkalosis can be seen in some deadly central nervous system diseases such as stroke or Rett syndrome.

Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by recurrent vomiting, which results in the loss of hydrochloric acid in the stomach contents. Severe dehydration, and alkaline consumption are other causes. This can also be caused by the administration of diuretics and endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome. The compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis involves slowing breathing by the lungs to increase serum carbon dioxide, a condition that is leaning towards respiratory acidosis. Because respiratory acidosis often accompanies metabolic alkalosis compensation, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.

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Diagnosis

There is no diagnosis

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See also

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References

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External links

• IUPAC, Summary of Chemical Terminology , 2nd edition. ("Gold Book") (1997). Online correction version: Ã, (2006-) "alkalosis".

Source of the article : Wikipedia