Bohemianism is an unusual lifestyle practice, often in companies of like-minded people and with few permanent ties. It involves music, artistic, literary or spiritual pursuits. In this context, Bohemians may or may not be nomadic, adventurous, or vagrant.
The use of the word bohemian first appeared in English in the nineteenth century to describe non-traditional lifestyles of artists, writers, journalists, musicians, and marginalized and destitute actors in major European cities.
Bohemian is associated with unusual or anti-establishment political or social views, often expressed through free love, frugality, and - in some cases - voluntary poverty. The more economical, rich, or even aristocratic circle of bohemian is sometimes referred to as haute bohÃÆ'¨me (literally "high Bohemia").
The term Bohemianism appeared in France in the early nineteenth century when artists and creators began to concentrate on the low rent, lower-class neighborhood of Romani. BohÃÆ' Â © mien is a generic term for the French Romans, incorrectly considered to have reached France in the 15th century through Bohemia (western part of modern Czech Republic), at that time most of the proto-Protestant countries and considered heretical by many Roman Catholics.
Video Bohemianism
Origins
Bohemianisme Eropa
The literature of "Bohemian" is attributed in the French imagination to the Romani people (called BohÃÆ' ± miens because they are believed to have arrived from Bohemia), an outsider who is separate from the conventional society and not bothered by his disagreements. This term carries the mysterious enlightenment connotation (opposite of the Philistines), and carries a less-often-intended connotation, underestimating the carelessness of personal hygiene and marital allegiance.
The title character at Carmen (1876), a French opera located in the Spanish city of Seville, is referred to as "bohÃÆ' Â © mienne" in libretto Meilhac and HalÃÆ' Â © vy. His signature aria expresses love itself to be "gypsy" (enfant de BohÃÆ'ªme), going to a place of fun and disobeying the law.
The term Bohemian has become very commonly accepted in our day as a description of a certain kind of gypsy gypsy, regardless of what language he speaks, or what city he lives.... A Bohemian is just an artist or " littà ©  © rateur "which, consciously or unconsciously, breaks away from conventionality in life and art. ( Westminster Review , 1862)
The collection of short stories Henri Murger "ScÃÆ'¨nes de la Vie de BohÃÆ'¨me" ("The Bohemian Life scene"), published in 1845, was written to glorify and legitimize Bohemia. The Murger collection forms the basis of the opera Giacomo Puccini La bohÃÆ'¨me (1896).
In England, Bohemian was originally popularized in William Makepeace Thackeray's novel Vanity Fair published in 1848. Public perceptions of alternative lifestyles should be led by more artists far scored by George-Maurier, the most romantic best-selling novel of the Bohemian culture of Trilby (1894). The novel underscores the fate of three foreign British artists, their Irish model, and two colorful Central European musicians, in the Paris artist quarter.
In Spanish literature, Bohemian impulses can be seen in the game Ramón del Valle-InclÃÆ'¡n <> Luces de Bohemia ( Bohemian Lights ), published in 1920.
In his song La BohÃÆ'¨me, Charles Aznavour describes the Bohemian lifestyle in Montmartre. Movie Moulin Rouge! (2001) also reflects Bohemian lifestyle in Montmartre at the turn of the 20th century.
American Bohemianism
In the 1850s, aesthetic bohemics began to arrive in the United States. In New York City in 1857, a group of about fifteen to twenty young, cultured journalists flourished as self-described "bohemians" until the American Civil War began in 1861. The group gathered in a German bar on Broadway called a beer cellar Pfaff. Members include their leaders Henry Clapp, Jr., Walt Whitman, Fitz Hugh Ludlow, and actress Adah Isaacs Menken.
Similar groups in other cities were also destroyed by the Civil War and journalists spread to report conflicts. During the war, correspondents began to regard the title of "bohemian", and journalists generally took the nickname. Bohemian becomes synonymous with newspaper authors . In 1866, war correspondent Junius Henri Browne, writing for the New York Tribune and Harper's Magazine, described "Bohemian" journalists as he, as well as some jovial women and men the light he encountered during the war years.
The San Francisco Journal Bret Harte first wrote as "The Bohemian" in the Golden Era in 1861, with this person taking part in many satirical behaviors, many of which are published in his Bohemian Papers. i> in 1867. Harte wrote, "Bohemia is never geographically located, but on a sunny day when the sun goes down, if you climb the Telegraph Hill, you will see its delightful valleys and cloud-covered hills glistening on... "
Mark Twain included himself and Charles Warren Stoddard in the bohemian category in 1867. In 1872, when a group of journalists and artists who gathered regularly for cultural activities in San Francisco to search for a name, the term bohemian became an option major, and Bohemian Club was born. Established and successful club members, their community pillars, respected family men, redefine their own form of bohemianism to include people like those who are supporters, sportsmen, and art enthusiasts. Club members and poet George Sterling responded to this redefinition:
Any good mixing of friendly habits assumes he has the right to be called a bohemian. But that's not a valid claim. There are two elements, at least, that are important to Bohemianism. The first is devotion or addiction to one or more of Seven Arts; the other is poverty. Other factors show themselves: for example, I like to think of my young Bohemian, radical in their view of art and life; as unconventional, and, although this is still debatable, as residents in a city big enough to have a rather cruel atmosphere of all the big cities. (Parry, 2005).
Despite his views, Sterling is associated with the Bohemian Club, and is accompanied by artists and industrialists in Bohemian Grove.
The Canadian composer Oscar Ferdinand Telgmann and poet George Frederick Cameron wrote the song "The Bohemian" in the opera 1889 Leo, Royal Cadet .
The annoying American writer and Bohemian Club member Gelett Burgess, who coined the word blurb among other things, gives a description of an amorphous place called Bohemia:
To take the world as the one who found it, the bad with the good, make the best of the moment - to laugh at Fortune equally whether he is generous or unkind - to spend time freely when someone has money, and to hope cheerfully when one does not have - to spare indiscriminately, live for love and art - this is the temperament and spirit of modern Bohemian in the external and visible aspects. This is a light and graceful philosophy, but it is the Gospel of the Moment, the exoteric phase of Bohemian religion; and if, in some noble natures, he rises to bold simplicity and naturalness, it can also lend a butterfly rule to some very beautiful mistakes and pleasant mistakes, for in Bohemia one can find almost every sin saving it from hypocrisy....
The mistake is more common in self-pleasures, carelessness, pride, and delay, and this usually goes hand in hand with generosity, love, and love; because it is not enough to be yourself in Bohemia, one must let others be oneself as well....
Then, what makes this mystical Bohemian kingdom unique, and what is the enchantment of the country of its mental fairy? This is this: there is no way in all Bohemia! One must choose and find his own way, be himself, live his own life . (Ayloh, 1902)
In New York City, pianist Rafael Joseffy formed a musician organization in 1907 with friends, such as Rubin Goldmark, called "The Bohemians (New York Musicians' Club)". Near Times Square Joel Renaldo chairs "Joel's Bohemian Refreshery" where the Bohemian people gather from before the turn of the 20th century until the Prohibition begins to bite. Musical Jonathan Larson Rent , and especially the song "La Vie Boheme," describes New York's postmodern Bohemian culture in the late 20th century.
In May 2014, a story about NPR suggested, after a century and a half, some Bohemian ideals living in poverty for art have fallen in popularity among the latest generation of American artists. In the feature, a recent graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design related "his classmates showed little interest in living in garret and eating ramen noodles."
Maps Bohemianism
People
This term has been linked to various artistic or academic communities and is used as a common adjective describing such persons, the environment, or the situation: bohemian ( boho - informal) is defined in The American College Dictionary as "someone with an artistic or intellectual tendency, who lives and acts without regard to conventional rules of conduct."
Many prominent European and American figures from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries came from the bohemian subculture, and any comprehensive "bohemian list" would be very long. Bohemianism has been approved by some bourgeois writers such as HonorÃÆ'Â © de Balzac, but most conservative cultural critics do not justify the bohemian lifestyle.
In the Bohemian Manifesto: Field Guide to Life on the Edge , author Laren Stover, breaks Bohemian into five different mindsets or styles, as follows:
- Nouveau: bohemian with money trying to join traditional bohemianism with contemporary culture
- Gypsies: expatriate types, they create their own Gypsy ideals wherever they go
- Beat: also drifter, but not materialist and focus on art
- Zen: "post-beat," focuses on spirituality rather than art
- Dandy: no money, but try to look as if they have it by buying and displaying expensive or rare items - like alcohol brands
Aimee Crocker, an American explorer, adventurer, heir and mystic, was nicknamed Queen Bohemia in the 1910s by the world press for living a barren, freely and aggressively barrier free life in San Francisco, New York and Paris. He spent most of his wealth inherited from his father E.B. Crocker, a railroad tycoon and art collector, travels the world (lingering in India, Japan and China) and partying with famous artists of his day such as Oscar Wilde, Barrymores, Enrico Caruso, Isadora Duncan, Henri Matisse, Auguste Rodin and Rudolph Valentino. Crocker has countless affairs and married five times in five different decades of his life, every man in his twenties. He is famous for his pet tattoos and snakes and is reported to have started the first Buddhist colony in Manhattan. Spiritually curious, Crocker had a ten-year affair with Aleister Crowley the occult and was an attentive disciple of Hatha Yoga.
Maxwell Bodenheim, an American poet and novelist, was known as the King of Greenwich Village Bohemians during the 1920s and his writings brought him international fame during the Jazz Era.
In the 20th century the United States, the famous bohemian impulse was seen in the 1940s hipster, the 1950s Beat generation (exemplified by writers like William S. Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti), 1960s banning a much wider, and 1960s and 1970s hippies.
Rainbow Gatherings can be seen as an expression of another contemporary world of bohemian impulse. An American example is Burning Man, an annual participatory art festival held in the Nevada desert.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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