To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama directed by Robert Mulligan. The scenario by Horton Foote is based on a 1960 Harrier Lee Pulitzer Prize novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. To Kill a Mockingbird marks the debut films of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley.
The film received positive reviews from critics and was successful at box-office, earning more than 10 times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for eight, including Best Picture.
In 1995, the film was registered at the National Film Registry. In 2003, the American Institute of Film named Atticus Finch became the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. In 2007, the film was ranked 25th in the list of 10 years of AFI's greatest American film of all time. In 2005, the British Film Institute put it on the list of 50 movies you should see at the age of 14. The film is restored and released on Blu-ray and DVD in 2012 as part of 100 years of Universal Pictures.
Video To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
Plot
The young film protagonist Jean Louise "Scout" Finch (Mary Badham) and his brother Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch (Phillip Alford), lived in the fictitious Maycomb city of Alabama in the early 1930s. The story covers three years, in which Scout and Jem experience a change in their lives. They are innocent children, spending their days happily playing with each other and spying on Arthur "Boo" Radley (Robert Duvall) who has not left his home for years and about the many rumors that circulated. Their widowed father, Atticus (Gregory Peck), is a city lawyer and has a firm belief that everyone should be treated fairly, to change the other cheek, and to defend what you believe. He also allowed his children to call him by his first name. At the beginning of the film, the children see their father receiving hickory nuts, and other results, from Mr. Cunningham (Crahan Denton) for legal work because the client has no money. Through the work of their father as lawyers, Scout and Jem began to learn about racism and crime in their city, exacerbated by poverty; they mature quickly because they are exposed to it.
The local judge (Paul Fix) appoints Atticus to defend a black man, Tom Robinson (Brock Peters), against the rape of a white girl, Mayella Ewell (Collin Wilcox). Atticus accepted his case. Jem and Scout suffered a school ridicule because of their father's decision. Later, when Atticus sat down in front of the local prison to guard Robinson, a bunch of lynch arrived, including Mr. Cunningham. Scout, Jem and their friend, Dill (John Megna), upset the confrontation. Scout, unaware of the mass purpose, admitted Cunningham as the man who paid his father with a hickory nut and told him to greet his son, who was his schoolmate. Cunningham became embarrassed and the mob spread.
At the trial, it is undeniable that Tom came to Mayella's home at his request to help cut chifforobe, and Mayella showed signs of being beaten at the time. Among Atticus's main arguments is that Tom has a paralyzed left arm, but the rapist should use his left hand extensively in attacking Mayella before raping her. Atticus then points out that Mayella's father, Bob Ewell (James Anderson), is a left hand, implying that he - not Tom - is the one who beat Mayella. Atticus also stated that the girl had not been examined by a doctor to check for signs of rape after the attack. In his closing argument, Atticus asked a white male jury to remove their prejudices and instead focus on Tom's clear innocence. In taking a position in his own defense, Tom denies him attacking Mayella, but declares he kissed her. She testified she volunteered to help Mayella because "I feel sorry for her because...". Although Tom did not finish his sentence, the prosecutor (William Windom) hammered home the point that he was a black man feeling sorry for a white woman. In a city where white people were viewed as superior to blacks, Tom's sympathy for Mayella made his case unlucky, and he was found guilty.
When Atticus left the courtroom, the black audience on the balcony rose to their feet as a token of appreciation and appreciation. Reverend Sykes said to Scout, "Miss Jean Louise, standing up. Your father died." When Atticus arrives home, Sheriff Heck Tate (Frank Overton) informs him that Tom has been killed by a deputy during his transfer to jail. According to this deputy, Tom tried to escape, "running like crazy" before he was shot. Atticus and Jem go to the Robinson family's house to tell them about Tom's death. Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, appears and spits on Atticus's face while Jem waits in the car. Atticus wiped his face and left.
Autumn arrives, and Scout and Jem attend a nighttime Halloween contest at their school. Scout wears a large-skinned ham costume, depicting one of Maycomb's products. At some point during the contest, Scout's dress and shoes were misplaced. She was forced to walk home without shoes, wearing her ham costume. While cutting through the forest, Scout and Jem are attacked by an unknown man who has followed them. The Scout costume, like an awkward armor, protects it from attacks but limits its movement and severely limits its vision. Jem was knocked unconscious and Scout escaped unscathed in a brief but violent struggle. Their attackers were thwarted and overcome by other unidentified men. Scout took off his costume in time to see the second man bring Jem to their house. Scout follows the stranger inside and runs into Atticus's embrace. Doc Reynolds came in and cured Jem's unconscious arm.
When Sheriff Tate asked Scout what happened, he saw a man standing quietly in the corner behind Jem's door. Atticus formally introduced Scout to Arthur Radley, whom he knew as Boo, the one who came to help Jem and Scout in the forest. It was revealed that Boo had beaten Bob Ewell before bringing Jem home. The Sheriff reported that Ewell was found dead at the scene of the attack with a knife in his rib cage. Atticus assumes that Jem killed Ewell to defend himself. Sheriff Tate, however, believes that Boo killed Ewell in defending the children, and he tells Atticus that to drag a shy and silent Boo into the spotlight because his heroism will become "sin". To protect Boo, Sheriff Tate pointed out that Ewell "fell on his knife". Scout draws a very precocious analogy, likening Boo's unwanted public attention to mockingbird murder.
Maps To Kill a Mockingbird (film)
Cast
In the credit order of opening of the movie:
- Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch
- John Megna as Charles Baker "Dill" Harris
- Frank Overton as Sheriff Heck Tate
- Rosemary Murphy as Miss Maudie Atkinson
- Ruth White as Mrs. Dubose
- Brock Peters as Tom Robinson
- Estelle Evans as Calpurnia
- Paul Fix as Judge John Taylor
- Collin Wilcox as Mayella Violet Ewell
- James Anderson as Robert E. Lee "Bob" Ewell
- Alice Ghostley as Miss Stephanie Crawford
- Robert Duvall as Arthur "Boo" Radley
- William Windom as Horace Gilmer, District Attorney
- Crew Denton as Walter Cunningham
- Richard Hale as Nathan Radley
- Mary Badham as Scout
- Phillip Alford as Jem
Unaccredited Roles (in order of appearance)
- Kim Stanley......... Unseen officer - Adult Scout voice - " Maycomb is a tired old town - even in 1932 when I first discovered it - that summer I'm six years old. "
- Paulene Myers......... Madam. Dubose's waiter, sitting nearby on Dubose's porch (he does not have a speaking sentence).
- Jamie Forster......... Sir. Townsend, sitting on a bench, with three men, near the courthouse: " If you are looking for your father, he is inside the courthouse. "
- Steve Condit......... Sir. Cunningham's son, Walter, at dinner with the Finch family: "Yes sir I do not know when I'm roasting We have had fun with squirrels and rabbits lately."
- David Crawford......... David, Tom Robinson's son, sits on the steps to Robinson's hut: "Good night."
- Kim Hamilton......... Helen, Tom Robinson's wife, inside Robinson's hut: "Good evening, Mr. Finch."
- And White......... The Mob leader approached when Atticus Finch sat in front of the prison: "He's there, Mr. Finch?" "
- Kelly Thordsen......... Heavyset mafia member who picked up and took Jem: " Well, I'll drive you home. "
- William "Bill" Walker......... Reverend Sykes, in court for the trial of Tom Robinson: "Miss Jean Louise? Miss Jean Louise, stand up. i> "
- Charles Fredericks......... Officer at the trial of Tom Robinson: " Put your hand on the Bible, please do you swear to tell the truth...? "
- Guy Wilkerson......... Judge jury at Tom Robinson's trial: We found the defendant guilty as charged. "
- Jay Sullivan......... The court reporter at the trial of Tom Robinson: " Yes. "
- Jester Hairston......... Tom Robinson's father in front of Robinson's family shack: "Hello Mr. Finch, I'm Spence, Tom's father."
- Hugh Sanders......... The doctor examining Jem: " He got a bad rest, as far as I know. Somebody tried to hold his arm. "
Music
Elmer Bernstein's score for To Kill a Mockingbird is considered one of the greatest movie values ​​and has been recorded three times. It was first released in April 1963 in Ava; then Bernstein recorded it back in the 1970s for his Movie Music Collection series; and finally, he recorded a full score (below) in 1996 with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra for the Classical Film series Varese Sarabande.
Critical response
The film received widespread critical acclaim. In May 2018, he retained the 91% ranking at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 57 reviews. According to Bosley Crowther:
"Horton Foote's writings and Mr. Mulligan's direction may not be so deep, but they allow Mr. Peck and Miss Badham and Master Alford to portray a delightful character, the fascinating appearance of a father and his children in such close relationships, which can occur only in a brief period, all the films were precious, Rosemary Murphy as a neighbor, Brock Peters as Negro in the trial, and Frank Overton as a troubled sheriff is also good as a locality character.Collin Wilcox as Southern fanatic is almost a caricature.But that is a small shortage in film that is useful. "
Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times criticized the film for lacking a focus on blacks, denouncing the clichés of an honest, white man standing for a helpless black man:
"This reveals the liberal piety of the more innocent time, the early 1960s, and it went very easily to the reality of the small town of Alabama in the 1930s.One of the most dramatic scenes shows the masses facing Atticus, all of whom by himself in prison the prison stepped the night before the trial of Tom Robinson.The masses were armed and ready to burst in and hang Robinson, but Scout bursts into the scene, recognizing a poor peasant who has been friends with his father, and embarrasses him (and all his Speeches is a calculated strategic exercise, disguised as innocent words from a child, one portrait of his eyes indicates that he realizes what he is doing.Can a child turn the lynch mob at that moment, in that place? Is not it good to think so. "
Gregory Peck's appearance became synonymous with the role and character of Atticus Finch. Producer Alan J. Pakula remembers hearing from Peck when he was first approached with the role: "He called back immediately, no maybes. [...] I have to say the man and the character he is playing is not the same." Peck later said in an interview that he was interested in the role because the book reminded him to grow in La Jolla, California. "Almost every day went by that I did not think how lucky I was to be thrown in the film," Peck said in a 1997 interview. "I recently sat down to dinner next to a woman who saw him when he was 14 years old, and he said it change my life, I hear things like that all the time ".
Gregory Peck
The 1962 edition of softcover opened with the following: The town of Southern Maycomb, Alabama, reminds me of the city of California where I grew up. The characters in this novel are like people I know as boys. I think perhaps the great attraction of the novel is that it reminds readers everywhere from someone or a city they know. To me this is a universal story - moving, excited, and told with humor and gentleness. Gregory Peck.
Harper Lee, in a liner note written for the re-release of DVD movies by Universal, writes: "When I learned that Gregory Peck would play Atticus Finch in the production of the To Kill a Mockingbird movie, I was of course happy: here is a good actor who has made great movies - what else can a writer ask?... The years tell me his secret.When he plays Atticus Finch he has played his own, and time has told us all something more: when he plays himself, he touches the world ". After Peck's 2003 death, Brock Peters, who plays Tom Robinson in the film version, quotes Harper Lee in Peck's speech, saying, "Atticus Finch gave him a chance to play on his own." Peters closed his words, "For my friend, Gregory Peck, to my friend Atticus Finch, vaya con Dios". Peters remembers Tom Robinson's role when he remembers, "This is one of the proudest achievements of my life, one of the happiest participation in movies or theater I've experienced." Peters remained friends not only with Peck but with Mary Badham all his life.
Peck himself admits that many people have reminded him of this film more than any other movie he ever did.
Awards and honors
In 1995 To Kill a Mockingbird was chosen to be stored on the National Register of Film of the United States by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically." It is also the debut of the big screen of Robert Duvall, as the misunderstood Boo Radley. Duvall was cast on the recommendation of screenwriter Horton Foote, who met him at Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City where Duvall starred in a 1957 Foote drama, The Midnight Caller.
The American Institute of Film named Atticus Finch as the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. In addition, AFI ranks both movies on their 100 Years... 100 Cheers list, behind This is a Great Life . The film ranked 34th on the AFI list of the 100 greatest films of all time, but rose to number 25 on the 10th Birthday list. In June 2008, AFI revealed "Ten Big Ten" - the top ten films in ten genres of "classic" American film - after conducting a poll to more than 1,500 people from the creative community. To Kill a Mockingbird is recognized as the best movie in the courtroom drama genre.
In 2007 Hamilton was honored by the Harlem community for his part in the film. She is the last surviving African-American adult to have a speaking part in the film. When told about the award, he said, "I thought it was great, I was very happy and very surprised".
- List of American Film Institutions
- AFI 100 Years... 100 Movies - # 34
- 100 Year AFI... 100 Heroes & amp; Criminals:
- Atticus Finch - Hero # 1
- AFI 100 Years... 100 Quotes Movies:
- "Miss Jean Louise, standing up. Your father died." - Nominated
- "You never really understand a person until you consider something from his perspective, until you get into his skin and walk in it." - Nominated
- 100 Years AFI Film Score - # 17
- AFI 100 Years... 100 Cheers - # 2
- AFI 100 Years... 100 Movies: 10th Birthday Edition - # 25
- AFI 10 Top 10 - # 1 Drama Courtroom
Academy Awards
The film won three Academy Awards from eight nominated.
- Academy Award for Best Actor - Gregory Peck (Award given to Peck by Sophia Loren)
- Academy Award for Best Adaptation Scenario - Horton Foote
- Academy Award for Best Art Direction - Decorative Set, Black-White - (Henry Bumstead, Alexander Golitzen, and Oliver Emert)
The other nominations are for
- Best Picture (Producer, Alan J. Pakula)
- Best Director (Robert Mulligan)
- Best Cinematography, Black-White (Russell Harlan),
- Best Actress in Supporting Role (Mary Badham)
- Best Music, Score - Very Original (Elmer Bernstein)
The main competition is Lawrence of Arabia , which won an Oscar for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Score. Peter O'Toole has been nominated as Best Actor for his performance as T. E. Lawrence, but Peck wins for Mockingbird . The Longest Day claimed the award for Best Cinematography, while Patty Duke was awarded Best Supporting Actress for his work at The Miracle Worker.
Golden Globe Awards
- Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Drama Drama - Gregory Peck
- Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score - Motion Picture - Elmer Bernstein
- Golden Globe Award for Best Movie Promoting International Understanding - Killing Mockingbird
Cannes Film Festival
The film was chosen for the 1963 Cannes Film Festival in the feature film category, winning the Gary Cooper Award.
See also
- List of American films of 1962
- La Joven (The Young One) , the 1960 film
- Test movie
- White rescue narration in the movie
References
External links
- To Kill Mockingbird on IMDb
- To Kill Mockingbird in the TCM Movie Database
- Killing Mockingbird in Box Office Mojo
- Killing a Mockingbird at Rotten Tomatoes
- To Kill Mockingbird in the American Movies Film Catalog
- Killing Mockingbird learning notes
- The closing argument of Atticus Finch in text and audio from AmericanRhetoric.com
- Killing A Mockingbird location and production record
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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