An onomatopoeia ( Ã, ( listen ) ; from Greek ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? "onomatopoetic") is a word that phonetically mimics, resembles or denotes the sound it describes. As an untold noun, onomatopoeia refers to the properties of such words. Common occurrences of onomatopoeia include animal sounds such as "oink", "miaow" (or "meow"), "roar" and "chirp". Onomatopoeia may differ among languages: it corresponds to a certain level to a wider linguistic system; then the clock sound can be expressed as tick tik in English, tictac in Spanish, d? d? in Chinese,
Although in English the term onomatopoeia means "sound imitation", the compound word onomatopoeia (??????????) in Greek means "to make or create name". For words that mimic the sound, the term ??????????? (echomimetico) or echomimetic) is used. ??????????? (echomimetico) comes from ???, which means echo or sound, and ????????, which means mimetic or imitation.
Video Onomatopoeia
Usage
In the case of a crunching frog, the spelling may vary because different species of frogs around the world make different sounds: Ancient Greek koax koax brekekekex (only in the comic book Aristophanes The Frogs ) probably for the swamp frogs; English ribbit for frog species found in North America; English verb croak for common frogs.
Some other very common English examples are hiccup , zoom , bang , beep , moo , and spark . Their machines and sounds are also often depicted with onomatopoeia: horn or beeps for car horns, and vroom or brum > for the machine. In speaking of accidents involving electrically audible waves, the word "zap" is often used (and its use has been extended to illustrate non-auditory effects that generally connote the same type of localized but thoroughly localized disorder or destruction similar to those produced in spark circuits short).
The human voice sometimes gives an example of onomatopoeia, as when mwah is used to represent a kiss.
For animal sounds, words like quack (duck), moo (cow), skin or guk ( dog), rumble (lion), meow / miaow or purr (cat), tomorrow (chicken) and baa (sheep) is usually used in English (both as a noun and a verb).
Some languages ​​flexibly integrate onomatopoeic words into their structure. This can evolve into a new word, until it is no longer recognized as onomatopoeia. An example is the English "bleat" for the voice of sheep: in medieval it is spoken roughly as "blairt" (but without R-component), or "blet" with drawn vocals, which is more like a sheep voice than modern pronunciation.
The opposite case example is "cuckoo", which, due to the constant intimacy with the sound of birds over the centuries, has retained a pronunciation roughly the same as in the Anglo-Saxon period and its vowels do not change as it is in the word < i> plane .
Sometimes things are named from the sounds they make. In English, for example, there are universal fasteners named for the resulting sound: zip (in the UK) or zippers (in the US) Many birds are named according to their call, such as incandescent bobwhite, weero, morepork, the killdeer, chickadees and jays, cuckoo, chiffchaff, whooping crane, whip-poor-whim, and kookaburra. In Tamil and Malayalam, the word for crow is kaakaa . This practice is very common in certain languages ​​like M? Ori, and so on in the names of animals borrowed from these languages.
Cross-cultural differences
Although a certain sound is heard equally by people of different cultures, it is often expressed through the use of different consonant strings in different languages. For example, the snip of a pair of scissors is cri-cri in Italian, riqui-riqui in Spanish, terre-terre or treque-treque in Portuguese, krits-krits in modern Greek and katr-katr in Hindi. Similarly, the "honk" of the car horn is ba-ba (Han: ??) in Chinese, tut-tut in French, in Japanese, bbang in Korean, bÃÆ'Â|rt-bÃÆ'Â|rt in Norwegian, fom-fom in Portuguese and bim-bim in Vietnamese.
Onomatopoeic effect without the word onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeic effects can also be produced in word phrases or strings with the help of their own alliteration and consonants, without the use of onomatopoeic words. The most famous example is the phrase "flow followed freely" in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner . The words "followed" and "free" are not onomatopoeic in themselves, but in relation to the "groove" they reproduce the following ripple noise behind the speeding ship. Similarly, the alliteration has been used in the line "when the waves loomed over the sun sweeping the shore..." , to recreate the sound of breaking waves, in the poem "I, She and the Sea".
Maps Onomatopoeia
Comics and ads
Comic strips and comic books make the use of onomatopoeia extensively. The popular cultural historian Tim DeForest noted the impact of writer-artist Roy Crane (1901-1977), creator of Captain Easy and Buz Sawyer:
- It was a crane that pioneered the use of onomatopoeic sound effects in comics, adding "bam," "pow" and "wham" to what was previously a nearly entirely visual vocabulary. Crane have fun with this, throwing occasional "ker-splash" or "lickety-wop" along with what would be a more standard effect. Words and images become vehicles to carry along an increasingly fast storyline.
In 2002, DC Comics introduced a villain named Onomatopoeia, an athlete, martial artist and a gunman who often spoke sound.
Ads use onomatopoeia as mnemonic, so consumers will remember their products, as in "Plop, plop, fizz, fizz." Alka-Seltzer, what a relief! "jingle, recorded in two different versions (big band and rock) by Sammy Davis, Jr.
Rice Krispies (US and UK) and Rice Bubbles (AU) make "snap, crackle, pop" when someone pours milk. During the 1930s, Vernon Grant's illustrator developed Snap, Crackle and Pop as a gnome-like mascot for Kellogg Company.
A sound appears in a road safety ad: "click clicks, every trip" (click the seat belt after clunking the closed car door, the British campaign) or "click, clack, front and back" (clicks, clas connecting seat belts, AU campaigns) or " click or ticket "(clicks from connected seatbelts, with implied penalty of traffic tickets for not using seat belts; US DOT (Department of Transportation) campaign).
The opening and closing sounds of the container gave Tic Tac his name.
Manner imitation
In many languages ​​of the world, words like onomatopoeia are used to describe phenomena beyond pure auditif. Japanese often use such words to describe the feelings or figurative expressions of objects or concepts. For example, Japanese barabara is used to reflect the state of disorder or separation of objects, and shiiin is the onomatopoetic form of absolute silence (used when an English speaker may expect to hear crickets chirping or clasps falling in the silent room, or someone coughing). It is used in English also with terms like bling , which describes flashes of light on things like gold, chrome or precious stones. In Japanese, kirakira is used for shimmering things.
Example in media
- James Joyce in Ulysses (1922) created an onomatopoeic tattarrattat for a tap on the door. It's listed as the longest palindromic word in The Oxford English Dictionary .
- Whaam! (1963) by Roy Lichtenstein is an early example of pop art, featuring comic book art reproductions depicting fighters attacking others with rockets with enchanting red and yellow blasts./li>
- In the 1960s TV series Batman , comic book style onomatopoeias like wham! , pow! , biff! , crunch! and zounds! appears on screen during a fight scene.
- Ubisoft XIII hired the use of onomatopoeias comic books like bam! , boom! and noooo! during gameplay for shots, explosions and killing, respectively. The comic book style is evident throughout the game and is a core theme, and this game is an adaptation of a comic book of the same name.
- The choir of the popular American songwriter John Prine "Onomatopoeia" cleverly combines the words onomatopoeic (though as discussed, 'ouch!' is not a sound of pain): "Bang! go gun. | Crash! go to the window. "Ouch! He is a child of a gun. Onomatopoeia. I do not want to see you. Speaking in a foreign language. "
- KerPlunk marble game is onomatopoeia for the sound of falling marbles when too many sticks have been removed.
- Nickelodeon Cartoons KaBlam! implied to be onomotapoeic for a collision.
- Every episode of the TV series Harper's Island is named onomatopoeic that mimics the sound made in the episode when the character dies. For example, in an episode titled "Bang" , the character is shot and badly wounded, with "Bang" imitating the sound of the shot.
- Mad Cartoonist Don Martin magazine, popular for its excessive artwork, often uses comic-style onomatopoeic "sound effects" in its image (for example, "thwizzit" is the sound of a piece of paper) pulled paper from typewriters). Fans have compiled the Don Martin Dictionary , cataloged each of their "voices" and "meanings".
Cross-linguistic example
In linguistics
The key component of language is its arbitrariness and what can be represented by a word, because the word is the sound created by man with the meaning attached to the sound. No one can determine the meaning of pure words by how they sound. However, in the words onomatopoeic, these sounds are much less arbitrary; they are connected in imitation of objects or other sounds in nature. The vocal sound in imitating the natural sound is not always meaningful, but it can get a symbolic meaning. An example of this sound symbolism in English is the use of words beginning with sn - . Some of these words symbolize the concepts associated with the nose ( sneeze , snot , snore ). This does not mean that all words with sound are related to the nose, but to a certain extent we recognize a kind of symbolism associated with the sound itself. Onomatopoeia, while the language, is also in a sense beyond the bounds of language.
In linguistics, onomatopoeia is described as a connection, or symbolism, of sounds interpreted and reproduced in the context of language, usually out of sound mimicry. It is a metaphor, in a sense. Considered as a vague term itself, there are different determining factors in classifying onomatopoeia. In one way, it is defined only as a clone of some kind of non-vocal sound using a vowel sound of a language, like a buzz of a bee imitated in a "noisy" voice. In another sense, it is described as a phenomenon of completely new words.
Onomatopoeia works in the sense of representing an idea in a phonological context, not necessarily a word that is directly meaningful in the process. The symbolic properties of sound in a word, or phoneme, are related to sound in an environment, and are limited in part by the language's own phonetic inventory, hence why many languages ​​can have different onomatopoeia for the same natural sound. Depending on the language connection for the meaning of sound, the supply of language onomatopoeia may differ proportionately. For example, languages ​​like English generally have little symbolic representation when speaking of sounds, hence why English tends to have a smaller representation of sound mimicry then a language like Japanese, which as a whole has a much higher number of symbolism associated with sound language.
Evolution of language
In ancient Greek philosophy, onomatopoeia is used as evidence for how natural a language is: it theorizes that language itself comes from the sound of nature in the world around us; the symbolism in sound is seen as coming from this. Some linguists argue that onomatopoeia may be the first form of human language.
In the development of a language, the sounds associated with natural objects then continue to form words with related meanings. For example, gl - at the beginning of the English word can indicate something shining or colorful (eg glitter, glisten, gleam).
Role in initial language acquisition
When first exposed to sound and communication, humans biologically tend to mimic the sounds they hear, whether they are actual pieces of language or other natural sounds. This early in development, the baby will vary its speech between the established sounds in the phonetic range of the language (s) most widely spoken in their environment, which can be called "benign" onomatopoeia, and the various sounds that can be produced by the vocal tract, or onomatopoeia "wild". When a person begins to acquire the first language, the proportion of "wild" onomatopoeia reduces the sound that corresponds to the language they obtain.
During the original language acquisition period, it has been documented that infants can react strongly to the wilder talk features they face, compared to more benign and intimate speech features. But the results of the test can not be concluded, and may vary by language factor and between infants individually.
In the context of language acquisition, sound symbolism has been shown to play an important role. The relationship of foreign words to the subject and how they relate to common objects, such as the association of kata takete and baluma with round or corner form, have been tested to see how the language symbolizes sound.
In other languages ​​
Japanese
Onomatopoeia, or giongo in Japanese, common in Japanese, from everyday conversations to serious news. In general, onomatopoeia in Japanese can be categorized into three types:
- Giseigo: Onomatopoeia that mimics humans and animals. (eg
for dog skin) - Giongo: Onomatopoeia that mimics the common voice in nature or inanimate objects. (eg zaazaa for rain on the roof)
- Gitaigo: Onomatopoeia that describes a state of being, not a sound. (eg mushimushi , uncomfortably warm)
Japanese also uses a symbolic word voice system called mimetics. Although not entirely different from onomatopoeia, mimetic words are generally distinguished from onomatopoeia. Mimetic, or gitaigo in Japanese, words are phonological representations of some kind of state, or something that is not exactly sounding.
Sometimes Japanese onomatopoeia produces multiple words.
Malay
There is a documented correlation in Malay onomatopoeia which begins with the bu sound and the implications of something rounded. And with a voice in a word that conveys curvature in words like lok, twist and telok (locomotive, cove and curve respectively).
Arabic
In the Qur'an, written in Arabic, examples of onomatopoeia are documented. Of the 77,701 words, there are nine onomatopoeic words, 3 of which are animal sounds (eg mooing), 2 which are natural sounds (eg thunder) and 4 which are human voices (eg whispers or moans).
See also
References
Note
General reference
- Crystal, David (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 0-521-55967-7.
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920). Grammar . Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. p.Ã, 680. ISBNÃ, 0-674-36250-0.
External links
- Abbott Noise Derrick Noise
- Over 300 Examples of Onomatopoeia
- BBC Radio 4 shows discussing animal sounds
- Drawing Tutorials Onomatopoeia for Comics and Cartoons (using fonts)
- WrittenSound, onomatopoeic word list
- Example Onomatopeia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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