Medical model is a term coined by psychiatrist RD Laing in his book Family Politics and Other Essays (1971), for "a series of procedures in which all doctors are trained". This includes complaints, history, physical examination, additional tests if necessary, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis with and without treatment.
Medical models have proven to be very successful and even indispensable in many contexts; it is difficult to mention a plausible alternative to medical diagnosis and treatment for a depressed skull fracture.
Medical models embody basic assumptions about drugs that encourage research and theorize about physical or psychological difficulties on the basis of cause and remediation.
This can be compared to other models that make different underlying assumptions. Examples include the holistic model of the alternative health movement and the social model of the rights movement of persons with disabilities, as well as models of mental disorders and biopsychosocial recovery and recovery. For example, Gregory Bateson's double-binding theory of schizophrenia focuses on the environment rather than medical causes. These models are not mutually exclusive. Models are not statements of absolute reality or belief systems but tools to help patients. So, utilities are the main criteria, and the usability of the model depends on the context.
Video Medical model
Other uses
In psychology
In psychology, the term "Medical Model" refers to the assumption that psychopathology is the result of a person's biology, that is, physical/physical problems in brain structures, neurotransmitters, genetics, endocrine systems etc., such as traumatic brain. injury, Alzheimer's disease, or Down syndrome. Medical models are useful in this situation as a guide for diagnosis, prognosis, and research. However, for most mental disorders, the exclusive reliance on medical models leads to incomplete understanding, and, often, to incomplete or ineffective treatment interventions. The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-5) discusses this point in part, stating, "However, in the absence of a clear biological marker or clinical severity measure that is useful for many mental disorders, it is impossible to do. completely separating the symptoms of the normal and pathological symptoms contained in the diagnostic criteria. This information gap is extremely problematic in clinical situations where the presentation of patient symptoms by itself (especially in mild form) is not inherently pathological and may be encountered in individuals for whom the diagnosis of 'mental disorders' is not right. "
The theory of germ diseases
The advent of modern scientific medicine during the 19th century had a major impact on the development of medical models. Particularly noteworthy is the development of a "germ theory" of disease by European medical researchers such as Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physical causes of various diseases were found, which, in turn, led to the development of effective forms of treatment.
Maps Medical model
The concept of "illness" and "injury"
The concept of "illness" and "injury" is central to the medical model. In general, "illness" or "injury" refers to some deviations from normal body functions that have undesirable consequences for the affected individual. An important aspect of the medical model is that it regards signs (objective indicators such as high temperatures) and symptoms (subjective feelings of distress disclosed by the patient) as an indication of the underlying physical abnormalities (pathology) in the individual. According to the medical model, medical care, to the extent possible, should be directed to the underlying pathology in an attempt to correct the disorder and cure the disease. With regard to many mental illnesses, for example, the assumption is that the cause of the disorder lies in abnormalities in the brains of affected individuals (especially their brain neurochemicals). It leads to the implicit conclusion that behavioral disorders are not learned but are spontaneously generated by irregular brains. According to the medical model, for treatment (such as medication), to be effective, it should be directed as close as possible to correcting chemical imbalances theorizing in the brains of the mentally ill.
Importance of diagnosis
Proper diagnosis (ie, categorization of disease signs and symptoms into the meaning of disease groupings) is essential for the medical model. Putting patient signs and symptoms into the correct diagnostic category can:
- Provide clinicians with clinically useful information about the course of the disease over time (its prognosis);
- Navigate to (or at least suggest) the underlying cause or the cause of the disturbance; and
- Direct your doctor to special care or treatment for this condition.
For example, if a patient comes to a primary care provider with symptoms of a particular disease, by taking a thorough history, conducting assessments (such as auscultation and palpation), and, in some cases, ordering diagnostic tests that can be provided by primary care providers a reasonable conclusion about the cause of the symptoms. Based on clinical experience and available evidence, health care professionals can identify treatment options that may be successful.
Other important aspects
Finally, adherence to the medical model has a number of other consequences for the patient and society as a whole, both positive and negative:
- In the medical model, physicians are traditionally viewed as experts, and patients are expected to adhere to these suggestions. Doctors assume authoritarian positions in relation to patients. Due to the specialist expertise of the physician, according to the medical model, it is necessary and desirable. However, in recent years, the step toward patient-centered care has resulted in greater patient involvement in many cases.
- In medical models, doctors can be viewed as the dominant health care professionals, trained in professional diagnosis and care.
- A sick patient should not be held accountable for this condition. The patient should not be blamed or stigmatized for his illness.
- Under the medical model, the condition of the patient's illness is very important. Social, psychological, and other "external" factors, which may affect the behavior of patients, may be less of a concern.
See also
- Allopathic medicine
- Biomedical model
- Disability medical model
- Reductionism
- Social construction
References
External links
- 'Medical model' vs 'social model' The UK Film Education Institute.
- Disability Awareness at Sheffield University, UK
- Medical model Open UK university
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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