Integrity is the quality of being honest and having a strong moral principle, or moral honesty. It is a personal daily choice to defend against consistent ethical and ethical standards.
In ethics, integrity is regarded as honesty and truth or the accuracy of one's actions. Integrity can stand in opposition to hypocrisy, in judging with standards of integrity involving internal consistency as a virtue, and showing that the parties holding within themselves seem to contradict values ​​must take into account differences or change their beliefs. The word integrity evolved from the Latin adjective integer , which means intact or complete . In this context, integrity is the inner sense of "wholeness" that comes from qualities like honesty and character consistency. Thus, one can judge that others "have integrity" insofar as they act in accordance with the values, beliefs, and principles they maintain.
Significant attention is given to the subject of integrity in law and legal conception in 20th century philosophy of law and jurisprudence centered on Ronald Dworkin's research as studied in his book Law's Empire . Dworkin's position on integrity in law reinforces the concept of justice seen as justice.
Video Integrity
In ethics
In ethics when discussing behavior and morality, a person is said to have good integrity if an individual's action is based on an internally consistent framework of principles. These principles must uniformly adhere to logical axioms or logical postulates. One can describe someone who has ethical integrity as far as individual actions, beliefs, methods, measures and principles come from a core group of values. Therefore an individual must be flexible and willing to adapt these values ​​to maintain consistency when these values ​​are challenged - such as when the expected test results are not the same as all the observed results. Since such flexibility is a form of accountability, it is regarded as both moral responsibility and virtue.
Individual value systems provide a framework in which individuals act in a consistent and expected way. Integrity can be seen as a condition or condition of having such a framework, and acting accordingly within the given framework.
One important aspect of a consistent framework is the avoidance of any unreasonable (arbitrary) exception for a particular person or group - especially the person or group holding the framework. By law, this principle of universal application requires that even those in positions of official power are subject to the same laws as those relating to their fellow citizens. In personal ethics, this principle requires that one should not act in accordance with any rules that do not want to be seen universally. For example, one should not steal unless one wants to live in a world where everyone is a thief. The philosopher Immanuel Kant formally describes the principle of universal application in his categorical imperative.
The concept of integrity implies wholeness, the corpus of comprehensive belief, often referred to as the worldview. This concept of wholeness emphasizes honesty and authenticity, requiring that one act over time in accordance with the individual's chosen world view.
Ethical integrity is not synonymous with good, as Zuckert and Zuckert show about Ted Bundy:
When caught, he defends his actions in terms of fact-value differences. He scoffs at them, like the professor from whom he studies the difference in fact-values, who still live their lives as if there is a truth-value to judge claims. He thinks they are stupid and that he is one of the few people who have the courage and integrity to live a consistent life in the light of the truth that value judgment, including the command "Do not kill," is only a subjective statement.
Maps Integrity
Political integrity
Integrity is important to politicians because they are elected, appointed, or elected to serve the community. To be able to serve, politicians are given the power to create, implement or control policies. They have the power to influence something or someone. However there is a risk that politicians will not use this power to serve the community. Aristotle says that since rulers have power, they will be tempted to use them for personal gain. It is important that politicians resist this temptation, and that requires integrity.
In the book Servant of the People, Muel Kaptein explains that integrity begins with politicians who must know what their position is, because integrity is related to their position. Integrity also requires knowledge and compliance with letters and the spirit of written and unwritten rules. Integrity also acts consistently not only with what is generally accepted as moral, what other people think, but especially with what is ethical, what politicians have to do based on reasonable arguments.
Furthermore, integrity is not just about why a politician acts in a certain way, but also about who that politician is. The question of one's integrity doubts not only their intentions but also on the source of that intention, one's character. So integrity is about having the right ethical virtues seen in behavioral patterns.
The important virtues of politicians are loyalty, humility. and accountability. Furthermore, they must be authentic and exemplary. Aristotle identifies the pride (megalopsuchia), which is variously translated as proper pride, the greatness of the soul and generosity) as the crown of virtue, which distinguishes it from vanity, simplicity, and humility.
In legal philosophy
Dworkin argues that the moral principles that people hold fast are often wrong, even insofar as certain crimes are acceptable if one's principles are sufficiently skewed. To find and apply these principles, the courts interpret legal data (laws, cases etc.) with a view to articulating interpretations that best explain and justify past legal practice. All interpretations must follow, Dworkin argues, from the notion of "law as integrity" plausible.
Regardless of the notion that the law is 'interpretive' in this way, Dworkin argues that in any situation where the legal rights of people are controversial, the best interpretation involves a thesis of correct answers, a thesis that there is a correct answer as a legal matter which the judge must find. Dworkin opposes the idea that judges have discretion in such difficult cases.
Dworkin's legal principle model is also related to Hart's idea of ​​the Rule of Recognition. Dworkin rejects Hart's concept of a parent rule in any legal system that identifies a valid law, on the grounds that it will require that the process of identifying the law should not be controversial, whereas (Dworkin argues) people have legal rights even in cases where the correct law of open results for a reasonable dispute. Dworkin away from the separation of law and positivism morality, because constructive interpretation implies moral judgment in every decision about what a law is.
Psychology test/work-selection
Procedures known as "integrity tests" or (more confrontational) as "honesty tests" aim to identify potential employees who may hide negative or defamatory aspects that are considered negative from their past, such as criminal convictions, psychiatric care or drug abuse. Identifying inappropriate candidates can save employers from problems that may arise during their lifetime. Integrity tests make certain assumptions, specifically:
- that people with "low integrity" report more dishonest behavior â € <â € <
- that people with "low integrity" try to find reasons to justify such behavior
- that people with "low integrity" think others are more likely to commit crimes - such as theft, for example. (Because people rarely state honestly to potential employers of their past lapses, the "integrity" testers adopt an indirect approach: to let candidates work on what they think of other people's irregularities, which are generally regarded as , as the written answer demanded by the question of "integrity tests".)
- that people with "low integrity" exhibit impulsive behavior
- that people of "low integrity" tend to think that society should punish strictly deviant behavior (Specifically, "integrity tests" assume that people who have historically reported irregularities in such tests that they support tougher actions applied to deviations Exhibited by others.)
Claims that such tests can detect "false" answers play an important role in detecting people with low integrity. The naive responders actually believe in this pretense and behave accordingly, report some of their past irregularities and their thinking about the irregularities of others, fear that if they do not answer truthfully their incorrect answers will reveal "integrity low "them. These respondents believe that the more honest they are in their answers, the higher their "integrity value".
Other integrity
Disciplines and fields with an interest in integrity include philosophy of action, philosophy of medicine, mathematics, thought, cognition, consciousness, material science, structural engineering, and politics. Popular psychology identifies personal integrity, professional integrity, artistic integrity, and intellectual integrity.
For example, a scientific inquiry should not specify the result before the actual result. For example, in violation of this principle, Public Health England, a British Government agency, recently stated that they uphold the government's policy line before the results of the studies they have assigned.
The concept of integrity can also be displayed in business contexts beyond the honesty issues of employees and employers as well as ethical behavior, especially in the context of marketing or branding. A brand's "integrity" is perceived by some as a desirable outcome for companies seeking to maintain a consistent and unambiguous position in the minds of their audience. This brand integrity includes consistent messages and often includes using a standard set of graphics to maintain visual integrity in marketing communications. Kaptein and Wempe have developed a theory of corporate integrity including criteria for businesses dealing with moral dilemmas.
Another use of the term, "integrity" appears in the work of Michael Jensen and Werner Erhard in their academic paper, "Integrity: Positive Models Combining Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics, and Legality". In this paper the author explores new integrity models as a whole and complete state, unbroken, undisturbed, sound, and in perfect condition. They place a new integrity model that provides access to improved performance for individuals, groups, organizations, and communities. Their model "expresses the causal relationship between integrity and performance improvement, quality of life, and value creation for all entities, and provides access to that causal relationship." According to Muel Kaptein, integrity is not a one-dimensional concept. In his book he presents a multifaceted perspective perspective. Integrity is concerned with, for example, compliance with social rules and expectations, with morality and ethics, and with actions and attitudes.
Electronic signals are said to have integrity when there is no corruption of information between one domain and another, such as from a disk drive to a computer screen. Such integrity is the basic principle of information assurance. Corrupted information is information that can not be trusted, but is not damaged is a value.
See also
- Doubts
- Honesty
- Body integrity
- Data integrity
- Authenticity (philosophy)
- Trikaranasuddhi
Note
External links
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry
- Werner Erhard, New Integrity Model
- Belyaev, Igor? (May 2011, Vol 4, Issue 5) "Man: Integrity and Wholeness". Journal of the Federal University of Siberia. Humanity & amp; Social Science, p. 633-43.
- "Scientific integrity - procedural principles and rules" (PDF download) . Swiss Academy of Arts and Science .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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