A coffee shop , coffee shop or cafÃÆ' Â © (sometimes spelled cafe ) is a company that primarily serves hot coffee, coffee-related drinks (cafÃÆ'Â © latte, cappuccino, espresso), tea, and other hot beverages. Some coffee shops also serve cold drinks such as iced coffee and iced tea. Many cafÃÆ'Â Â s also serve several types of food, such as snacks, muffins, or pastries. Coffee shops range from small owner-operated businesses to large multinational corporations.
In continental Europe, cafes often serve alcoholic beverages and snacks, but elsewhere the term "cafà © Å ©" may also refer to the tea room, "oily spoon" (small and cheap restaurant, colloquially called "caff"), transport cafes, or other casual dining and drinking places. A coffee shop can share some of the same characteristics of a bar or restaurant, but different from a cafeteria. Many coffeehouses in the Middle East and in the West Asian immigrant districts of the West offer shisha nargile in Greek and Turkish), tobacco flavor sucked through hookahs. Bar Espresso is a type of coffee shop specializing in serving espresso and espresso-based drinks.
From a cultural point of view, coffee shops largely serve as centers of social interaction: coffee shops provide a place for customers to gather, talk, read, write, entertain each other, or pass the time, either individually or in small groups. Since the development of Wi-Fi, coffee shops with these capabilities are also a place for customers to access the Internet on their laptops and tablet computers. A coffee shop can serve as an informal club for its regular members. In the early 1950s Beatniks and folk music scene of the 1960s, coffee shops have hosted singer-songwriters, usually at night.
Video Coffeehouse
Etymology
The most common English spelling, cafà © Å © , is the spelling of French, Portuguese, and Spanish, and was adopted by English-speaking countries in the late 19th century. Because English generally does not use diacritical marks, anglicization tends to ignore it and puts the reader in charge of remembering how to pronounce it without the presence of an accent. So the café spelling has become very common in the use of English around the world, especially for the less formal type, ie, "greasy spoon" (although orthographic prescriptivists often disagree). Italian spelling,
The English words coffee and cafÃÆ' Â © are from the Italian word for coffee, caffÃÆ'¨ - first proved as caveÃÆ'Â © qahuwa (????). The Arabic term qahuwa originally refers to the type of wine, but after the prohibition of wine by the religion of Islam the name was transferred to coffee because the same festive effect was induced. European knowledge of coffee (plants, seeds and beverages made from seed) came through European contact with Turkey, possibly through the Venetian-Ottoman trade relations.
The English word cafÃÆ'  © to describe a restaurant that normally serves coffee and snacks rather than the word coffee describing the drink, comes from the French cafà ©  ©. The first cafe  © is believed to have opened in France in 1660.
Translingual roots/cafes/appear in many European languages ​​with various naturalization spellings, including; Portuguese, Spanish, and French ( cafà ©  © ); Germany ( Kaffee ); Polish ( kawa ); Ukraine ( ???? , 'kava'); and others.
Maps Coffeehouse
History
The coffee shop in Mecca became the attention of priests who regarded it as a place for meetings and political drinking. They were forbidden to Muslims between 1512 and 1524. In 1530, the first coffee shop opened in Damascus and shortly after there were many coffee shops in Cairo.
The Ottoman Chronicler? Brahim PeÃÆ'§evi reported in his writings (1642-49) about the opening of the first coffee shop in Istanbul:
Until 962 [1555], in the city of Constantinople the High, which was guarded by God, as well as in Ottoman soil in general, coffee and coffee houses did not exist. Around that year, a friend named Hakam of Aleppo and an uncle named Shams of Damascus came to town; they each opened a large store in a district called Tahtakale, and started distributing coffee.
Various legends involving the introduction of coffee to Istanbul in the "Kiva Han" in the late 15th century circulated in the culinary tradition, but without documentation.
The 17th century French traveler and writer Jean Chardin provides a vivid picture of the Persian coffee shop scene:
People engage in conversation, because that's where the news is communicated and where those interested in politics criticize the government with all the freedom and without fear, because the government does not pay attention to what people say. The innocent game... which resembles checkers, hopscotch, and chess, is played. In addition, mollas, dervishes, and poets take turns telling stories in verses or in prose. Narration by mollas and dervishes is a moral lesson, like our preaching, but it is not considered shameful not to notice them. No one is forced to give up his game or his conversation because of it. A molla will stand in the middle, or at one end of qahveh-khaneh, and start preaching with a loud voice, or a dervish enters suddenly, and sighs that gather upon the pride of the world and its material. goods. It often happens that two or three people speak at the same time, one on one, the other on the opposite side, and sometimes someone will become a preacher and the other is a storyteller.
Europe
In the 17th century, coffee emerged for the first time in Europe outside the Ottoman Empire, and established coffee shops, soon became increasingly popular. The first coffee shop appeared in Venice in 1629, due to traffic between La Serenissima and Ottoman; first recorded in 1645. The first English coffeehouse was established at Oxford in 1650 by a Jewish man named Jacob at the Angel at St. Peter's parish in the East. A building on the same site is now a café-bar called The Grand Cafe. Oxford's Queen's Lane Coffee House, founded in 1654, also still exists today. The first coffee shop in London opened in 1652 at St Michael's Alley, Cornhill. The owner is Pasqua RosÃÆ' © e, a merchant servant in Turkish goods named Daniel Edwards, who imports coffee and helps RosÃÆ'Â © e in founding his establishment in St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill.
From 1670 to 1685, the number of London coffee houses began to multiply, and also began to gain political interest because of their popularity as a place of debate. British coffee shops in the 17th and 18th centuries were significant meeting places, especially in London. In 1675, there were over 3,000 coffeehouses in England. Pasqua RosÃÆ'  © e also established the first coffee shop in Paris in 1672 and held a coffee monopoly all over the city until Procopio CutÃÆ'² opened the Cafà ©  © Procope in 1686. This coffee shop still exists today and is a popular meeting place of the French Enlightenment; Voltaire, Rousseau, and Denis Diderot often observe it, and it is arguably the birthplace of the EncyclopÃÆ'  © die , the first modern encyclopedia. In 1667, Kara Hamie, former Ottoman Janissary of Constantinople, opened the first coffee shop in Bucharest (then the capital of the Kingdom of Wallachia), in the city center, where today stands the main building of the National Bank of Romania. America had its first coffee shop in Boston, in 1676.
The first cafeteria in Vienna was founded in 1683 by a resident of Ukraine, Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, who was also the first serving coffee with milk. There is a statue of Kulczycki on the street named after him. But the coffee drinking culture itself was widespread in the country in the second half of the 18th century. The first coffee shop registered in Vienna was founded by an Armenian merchant named Johannes Theodat (also known as Johannes Diodato) in 1685. Fifteen years later, four other Armenians had a coffee shop.
Although Charles II then tried to suppress the coffee shop in London as "the place where disgruntled people meet, and spread embarrassing reports about the behavior of His Majesty and his ministers", the public flocked to them. For decades after the Restoration, Wits gathered around John Dryden at Will's Coffee House, at Russell Street, Covent Garden. The coffee shop is a great social level dweller, open to all men and indifferent to social status, and as a result related to equality and republicanism. The rich intellectual atmosphere of an early London coffee shop is available to anyone who can pay a cent entry fee, giving them the name 'Penny Universities'.
In general, coffee shops serve as a meeting place where business can be run, news is exchanged and London Gazette (government announcement) is read. Lloyd's of London originated in a coffee shop run by Edward Lloyd, where the ship's insurance guarantor meets to do business. In 1739, there were 551 coffee shops in London; each attracting certain customers divided by work or attitudes, such as Tory and Whig, intelligence and tradesmen, traders and lawyers, booksellers and writers, fashion men or "cits" from the old city center. According to one French visitor, Antoine FranÃÆ'§ois PrÃÆ'Â v vost, a coffee shop, "where you have the right to read all the papers for and against the government," is "the seat of English freedom."
The prohibition of women from coffee shops is not universal, but seems to have been common in Europe. In Germany, women often visit them, but in England and France they are banned. ÃÆ' â € ° milie du ChÃÆ' Â ¢ telet admits to being cross-dressed to get the entrance to a coffee shop in Paris.
In the famous carvings of the Parisian café c. 1700, the men hung their hats on the pegs and sat at long communal tables filled with paper and stationery. Coffeepots are made up of an open fire, with a boiling pot of boiling water. The only woman present leads, separated in a canopied cubicle, from where she serves coffee in a tall glass.
The traditional story of the origins of the Viennese café begins with the mysterious green bean sacks left behind when the Turks were defeated in the Battle of Vienna in 1683. All the coffee sacks were given to the ruling Polish king Jan III Sobieski, who in turn gave it to one officer, Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki. Kulczycki started the first coffee shop in Vienna by stockpiling it. However, it is now widely accepted that the first coffee shop was actually opened by an Armenian merchant named Johannes Diodato (Asdvadzadur).
In London, the coffee shop preceded the mid-18th century club, European countries. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, a cafà ©  © (with an acute accent) is similar to that in other European countries, while cafes (without acute accents, and often pronounced " caff ") is more likely to be an oily eating style eating place, especially serving fried foods, especially breakfast dishes. which eliminates some of the more aristocratic clients. Jonathan's Coffee-House in 1698 saw a list of stock and commodity prices that evolved into the London Stock Exchange. Lloyd's Coffee House provides a place for traders and shippers to discuss insurance transactions, leading to the creation of the Lloyd's of London insurance market, the Lloyd's Register public classification, and other related businesses. The auction in the sales room connected to the coffee shop set the stage for Sotheby and Christie's big auction house.
During the 18th century, the oldest coffee shop in Italy was founded: CaffÃÆ'¨ Florian in Venice, Antico CaffÃÆ'¨ Greco in Rome, CaffÃÆ'¨ Pedrocchi di Padua, CaffÃÆ'¨ dell'Ussero di Pisa and CaffÃÆ'¨ Fiorio in Turin. In the Victorian England, the simplicity movement set up a coffee shop for the working class, as a place of alcohol-free relaxation, an alternative to public houses (pubs).
In the 18th century, the Dublin coffee shop served as an early reading center and the emergence of circulation libraries and subscriptions that provided greater public access to print. The interconnection of coffee shops and almost every aspect of the print trade is evidenced by the incorporation of printing, publishing, selling, and viewing material from places, especially in the case of Dick's Coffee House, owned by Richard Pue. Pue not only prints and publishes his own newspaper, but also has his own printing press, which he provides for others to print their newspapers, pamphlets, catalogs and books. And the books will be available for customers to read, thus contributing to the reading culture and increasing literacy. This coffee shop is a social magnet in which various layers of society gather to discuss newspaper topics and pamphlets. Most of the 18th century coffee shops will eventually be equipped with a printing press or bookstore. Then, most will join. When the coffee shop grew into a common reading center, the library circulating in Dublin expanded, resembling a public library when they loaned books. The cost of public libraries is then expensive. Borrowing books from circulating libraries is more affordable. Circulated library staff can keep costs low as they are also printers, publishers, and newspaper owners. One of the first circulating libraries was founded by James Hoey in 1735. Competition grew, as did the number of customers who wanted several books at once. Women are not allowed in coffee shops, so circulating libraries will target them by bringing books tailored for women readers. Another attraction of circulating libraries is that they are largely flexible with their loan requirements and levels that improve book circulation. It's cheaper to have an annual subscription to borrow than to buy a book. Having a circulating library improves people's reading ability as access to books becomes affordable.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, coffee shops generally became the meeting point of writers and artists, across Europe.
Modern day
In most European countries, such as Austria, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, and others, the term cafà ©  © means a restaurant that mainly serves coffee, as well as pastries such as cakes, , pies, Danish pastries, or bread. Many cafÃÆ' © s also serves snacks such as sandwiches. European cafes often have tables on the sidewalk (sidewalks) as well as indoors. Some cafÃÆ'  s also serve alcoholic beverages (eg, wine), especially in Southern Europe.
In the Netherlands and Belgium, a cafà ©  © is equivalent to a bar, and also sells alcoholic beverages. In the Netherlands, a coffiehuis serves coffee, while coffee shops (using the English term) sell "soft" drugs (marijuana and cannabis) and are generally not allowed to sell alcoholic beverages. In France, most cafà © s serves as a lunch restaurant during the day, and a bar in the evening. They generally have no pastries except in the morning, where croissants or pain au chocolat can be bought with breakfast coffee.
In Italy, cafà © s is similar to that found in France and is known as the bar . They usually serve a variety of espresso coffees, cakes and spirits. Bars in the city center usually have different prices for consumption in the bar and consumption at the table.
United States
Coffees in the United States emerge from Italian coffee shops baked espresso and pastry from Italian American immigrant communities in major US cities, especially Little Italy's New York City and Greenwich Village, Boston's North End, and San Francisco's North Beach. From the late 1950s onwards, the coffee shop also served as a place for entertainment, mostly ordinary people during the revival of American folk music. This may be due to the ease of accommodating in the small space of a single player accompanying himself with just a guitar. Both Greenwich Village and North Beach became the main premises of the Beats, which are well known for this coffee shop.
As the youth culture of the 1960s evolved, non-Italians consciously imitated this coffee shop. The political nature of most folk music of the 1960s made music a natural bond with coffee shops with their associations with political action. A number of famous artists such as Joan Baez and Bob Dylan started their careers in coffee shops. Blues singer Lightnin 'Hopkins bemoans her unhappiness with her household situation because she is too busy at the coffee house socializing in her 1969 "Coffeehouse Blues" song. Beginning in 1967 with the opening of the historic Last Exit at the Brooklyn coffee shop, Seattle became famous for its fast-growing cultural contraption coffee atmosphere; The Starbucks chain then standardizes and mainstreams this espresso bar model.
From the 1960s to the mid-1980s, churches and individuals in the United States used the concept of a coffee shop for outreach. They are often in front of the store and have names like The Lost Coin (Greenwich Village), The Gathering Place (Riverside, CA), Catacomb Chapel (New York City), and Jesus For You (Buffalo, NY). Christian music (often guitar-based) is done, coffee and food are provided, and Bible studies are held because people from different backgrounds come together in a relaxed atmosphere that is deliberately different from the traditional church. A book that is not printed, published by David Wilkerson's ministry, titled, A Coffeehouse Manual , serves as a guide for Christian coffee shops, including a list of name suggestions for coffee shops.
In general, before about 1990, true coffee shops were not widely known in most American cities, other than those located on or near campuses, or in districts dealing with writers, artists or counterparts. During this time the word "coffee shop" is usually symbolized as a family-style restaurant serving full meals, and from whom coffee income represents only a small fraction. Recently that the use of the word has faded and now the "coffee shop" often refers to a true coffee shop.
Format
CafÃÆ' © s may have the outer (patio, sidewalks/pavement cafes) with chairs, tables and umbrellas. This is especially the case with European cafes. Cafà © s offers a more open public space compared to the many traditional pubs they have replaced, which are more predominantly men with a focus on drinking alcohol.
One of the original uses of the cafe, as a place of information and communication exchange, was reintroduced in the 1990s with Internet cafes or Hotspots. The spread of modern-style cafes to urban and rural areas goes hand in hand with the increasing use of mobile computers. Computers and Internet access in contemporary styles help create a place that is young and modern, compared to traditional pubs or ancient restaurants they replace.
Middle East
In the Middle East, the coffee shop (Arabic: ???? ? maqha ; Persian: ??????? ? qahveh-khaneh ; Turkish: kahvehane or k? rÃÆ' Â ¢ thane ) serves as an important social gathering place for men. Men gather in coffee shops for coffee (usually Arabic coffee) and tea. In addition, men go there to listen to music, read books, play chess and backgammon, watch TV and enjoy other social activities throughout the Arab world and in Turkey. Hookah (shisha) is traditionally also served.
Coffee shops in Egypt are daily called ' ahwah /? Hwa/, which is dialectal pronunciation ?????? qahwah (literally "coffee") ( See also Arabic phonology # Local variations ) Also commonly presented in ' ahwah is tea ( sh? Y ) and herbal teas, especially the hugely popular hibiscus blends (Egyptian Arabic: karkadeh or ennab ). The first " ahwah was opened around the 1850s and was initially protected mostly by older people, with young men who often came but not always booked. (Alexandria) and gharza (village inns).In the early part of the 20th century, some of them became important places for political and social debates.
Asia
In China, the abundance of domestic coffee chains has recently begun to seem to accommodate business people for conspicuous consumption, with the price of coffee sometimes even higher than in the West.
In India, coffee culture has grown in the last twenty years. Chains such as Indian Coffee House, CafÃÆ' © Coffee Day, Barista Lavazza have become very popular. The cafe is considered a good place to conduct office meetings and friends to meet.
In Malaysia and Singapore, traditional breakfast and coffee shops are called tiam coffee . This word is the portmanteau of the Malay word for coffee (as borrowed and changed from English) and the Hokkien word dialect for the store (? ; POJ: tiÃÆ' m). The menu usually presents simple offerings: egg based foods, toast and coconut butter, plus coffee, tea and Milo, malt beverages that are very popular in Southeast Asia and Australasia, especially Singapore and Malaysia.
Singapore also has a coffee shop known as a cafe and in recent years, there has been an increase in cafe culture with urban people looking for specialty coffee. Even with popular connections like Starbucks and Coffee Bean, millennial generations in particular look for gourmet coffee as well as a relaxed and comfortable atmosphere amid the hustle and bustle of the city. In addition, the cafe has also changed the social scene of Singapore. Instead of crowding around the mall, young people can now hang out in cafes.
In the Philippines, coffee shop networks such as Starbucks are becoming prevalent among middle and high class professionals especially in Makati. However, Carinderias also serves coffee along with viands. Events like "Kapihan" are often unveiled in large tubs and restaurants that also serve coffee for breakfast and merienda.
In Thailand, the term "cafà © Å ©" is not a coffee shop in an international definition, as in any other country, but a night restaurant that serves alcoholic beverages includes a comedy show on stage. The era in which this type of business developed was the 1990s, before the 1997 financial crisis.
The first original coffee shop in Thailand opened in 1917 at Si Kak Phraya Si in Rattanakosin Island area, by Mrs Cole, an American woman who lived in Thailand at the time, Then, Chao Phraya Ram Rakop (?????? ?? ????????, Thai aristocrat, opened a coffee shop named "CafÃÆ'Â © de Norasingha" (?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????), the land next to the Royal Plaza.. Currently, CafÃÆ'Â © de Norasingha has been renovated and moved to a place inside Phayathai Palace.In the southern region, a traditional coffee shop or coffee tiam is very popular among locals, like many countries in the Malay Peninsula.
Oceania
In Australia, coffee shops are generally called cafà © s . Since the post-World War II influx of Italian immigrants introduced espresso coffee machines to Australia in the 1950s, there has been a steady increase in cafe culture. The last decade has seen a rapid increase in demand for local specialty coffee (or on-site), especially in Sydney and Melbourne, with "flat white" still becoming a popular coffee drink.
Egypt and Ethiopia
In Cairo, the capital of Egypt, most cafà © s has a shisha (waterpipe). Most Egyptians enjoy the habit of smoking shisha while hanging out in cafes, watching a game, studying, or even sometimes completing some work. In Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, an independent coffee shop that fought before 1991 has become popular among young professionals who do not have time to roast traditional coffee at home. One of the established establishments is the Tomoca coffee shop, which opened in 1953.
United Kingdom
The visitors to the first English coffeehouse, The Angel, opened in Oxford in 1650, and the mass of London coffee houses that flourished over the next three centuries was far from modern Englishmen. The haunting of the teenagers in particular, the Italian espresso bar and their formatted tables were the 1950s Soho feature that provided the background and title for the 1960 Cliffy Expresso Bongo movie. The first was The Moka on Frith Street, opened by Gina Lollobrigida in 1953. With "exotic Gaggia coffee [s],... Coke, Pepsi, frothy fuzzy coffee and... their Suncrush [s]" fountain spreading to other urban centers during the 1960s, providing a cheap and warm place for young people to congregate and an atmosphere far removed from the standard of global coffee bars to be established in the last decade of this century by chains like Starbucks and Pret a Manger.
Bar Espresso
The espresso bar is a type of coffee shop that specializes in coffee drinks made from espresso. Originating in Italy, espresso bars have spread throughout the world in various forms. Top internationally known examples are Starbucks Coffee, based in Seattle, Washington, USA, and Costa Coffee, based in Dunstable, England, (though the first and second largest coffee shop chain respectively), although the espresso bar comes in several forms in most of the World.
The espresso bar is usually centered around a long counter with a high-end espresso machine (usually a bean to cup machine, an automatic or semi-automatic pumping machine, although sometimes the lever-and-piston system is manually operated) and a display box containing cookies and the occasional tasty food like sandwiches. In traditional Italian bars, customers order at the bar and consume their drinks standing or, if they want to sit and be served, usually charged a higher price. In some bars there is an additional charge for drinks served at the outside table. In other countries, especially the United States, the seating area for customers to relax and work is provided free of charge. Some espresso bars also sell coffee supplies, candy, and even music. North American espresso bars are also at the forefront of widespread adoption of public WiFi access points to provide Internet services to people doing work on laptop computers at the venue.
The offerings at a typical espresso bar are generally pretty Italianate in inspiration; biscotti, cannoli, and pizzelle are common traditional accompaniment for caffe latte or cappuccino. Some upscale espresso bars even offer alcoholic drinks like grappa and sambuca. However, the typical pastries are not always really Italian and additional extras include scones, muffins, croissants, and even donuts. There is usually a large selection of teas as well, and the North American espresso bar culture is responsible for popularizing Indian masala chai spiced tea. Ice drinks are also popular in several countries, including iced tea and iced coffee as well as mixed drinks like Starbucks' Frappucino.
A worker in an espresso bar is called a barista. Barista is a skilled position that requires familiarity with the beverages made (often very complicated, especially in North American style espresso bars), reasonable amenities with some of the usual equipment and customer service skills.
Gallery
See also
- Coffee service
- British coffee shops in the 17th and 18th centuries
- Oily spoon
- Kafana
- List of coffee shop chains
- Cafe manga
- Tea house
References
Abbas, H. (2014). "Coffee House, Early Public Library, and Print Trade at Eighteenth-Century Dublin". Libraries & amp; Information History 30 (1), 41-61.
Further reading
- Marie-France Boyer; photo by Eric Morin (1994) The French Cafà ©  © . London: Thames & amp; Hudson
- Brian Cowan (2005), Social Life Coffee: The Emergence of British Coffee Shop , Yale University Press
- Markman Ellis (2004), The Coffee House: cultural history , Weidenfeld & amp; Nicolson
- Robert Hume "Perkolating Society", Irish Examiner, April 27, 2017 p.Ã, 13
- Ray Oldenburg, Great Places of Good: Cafes, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, Public Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get You All Day . New York: Parragon Books, 1989. ISBNÃ, 1-56924-681-5
- Tom Standage (2006) World History in Six Glasses , Walker & amp; Company, ISBN 0-8027-1447-1
- Ahmet Yes? ar, "Coffee House in Istanbul Modern Beginning: Public Space, Sociability and Supervision", Thesis MA, Bo? aziÃÆ'§i ÃÆ'Ã… "niversitesi, 2003. Library.boun.edu.tr
- Ahmet Yes? ar, "Osmanl? ehir MekÃÆ' ¢ nlar ?: Kahvehane LiteratÃÆ'¼rÃÆ'¼/Ottoman Urban Spaces: A Literature Evaluation at a Coffee Shop", TAL? D TÃÆ'¼rkiye Ara? t? rmalar? LiteratÃÆ'¼r Dergisi, 6, 2005, 237-256. Talid.org
- Antony Wild, Coffee, A Dark History , W. W. Norton & amp; Company, ISBN New York 9780393060713; Fourth Estate, London, 2004 ISBN: 1841156493.
- Nautiyal, J. j. (2016). AESTHETIC AND AFFECTIVE EXPERIENCE IN THE COFFEE SHOP: DEWEYAN INVOLVEMENT WITH ORDINARY AFFECTS IN ORDINARY SPACES. Education & amp; Culture, 32 (2), 99-118.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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