In geography and Earth science, the biogeochemical cycle of or substance change or cycling substance is the pathway in which chemicals move through biosphere. and the abiotic compartment (Earth's lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere). There are biogeochemical cycles for carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and water; and there are human-induced cycles such as for mercury and atrazine. In some cycles there are reservoirs in which substances remain for long periods of time (such as sea or lake for water).
Video Biogeochemical cycle
Sistem
Ecological systems (ecosystems) have many biogeochemical cycles operating as part of the system, eg water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, etc. All chemical elements that occur in organisms are part of the biogeochemical cycle. In addition to being part of a living organism, these chemical elements also cycle through abiotic factors of ecosystems such as water (hydrosphere), soil (lithosphere), and/or air (atmosphere).
The life factors of the planet can be referred to collectively as biosphere. All nutrients - such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur - used in ecosystems by living organisms are part of a closed system ; therefore, these chemicals are recycled rather than lost and recharged continuously as in open systems.
The flow of energy in an ecosystem is an open system ; the sun continuously energizes the planet in the form of light while it is ultimately used and lost in heat throughout the trophic level of a food web. Carbon is used to make carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the main source of food energy. These compounds are oxidized to release carbon dioxide, which can be captured by plants to make organic compounds. This chemical reaction is supported by the energy of sunlight.
It is possible for an ecosystem to acquire energy without sunlight. Carbon must be combined with hydrogen and oxygen to be used as an energy source, and this process depends on sunlight. Ecosystems in the deep ocean, where sunlight can not penetrate, using sulfur. Hydrogen sulfide near the hydrothermal vents can be utilized by organisms such as the giant tube worm. In the sulfur cycle, sulfur can be forever recycled as an energy source. Energy can be released through oxidation and reduction of sulfur compounds (eg, oxidation of sulfur elements into sulfites and then sulfates).
Although the Earth is constantly receiving energy from the sun, its chemical composition is essentially fixed, since additional material is only occasionally added by meteorites. Since this chemical composition is not refilled like energy, all chemically dependent processes must be recycled. This cycle includes the living biosphere and lithosphere, the atmosphere, and the non-living hydrosphere.
Maps Biogeochemical cycle
Reservoir
The chemicals are sometimes stored for long periods of time in one place. This place is called reservoir , which, for example, includes things like coal deposits that store carbon for long periods of time. When chemicals are held for only a short period of time, they are held in the exchange pool. Examples of exchange pools include plants and animals.
Plants and animals use carbon to produce carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which can then be used to build their internal structures or to gain energy. Plants and animals temporarily use the carbon in their system and then release it back into the air or surrounding medium. Generally, the reservoir is an abiotic factor whereas the pool of exchange is a biotic factor. Carbon held for a relatively short time in plants and animals compared to coal deposits. The amount of time that chemicals are held in one place is called his residence .
Important cycles
Siklus biogeokimia yang paling terkenal dan penting ditunjukkan di bawah ini:
There are many biogeochemical cycles that are currently being studied for the first time because climate change and human impacts drastically change the speed, intensity, and balance of this relatively unknown cycle. This newly studied biogeochemical cycle includes
- mercury cycle, and
- the human caused by atrazine cycle, which can affect certain species.
The biogeochemical cycle always involves a state of thermal equilibrium: a balance in the elemental cycle between the compartments. However, the overall balance may involve compartments that are distributed on a global scale.
When the biogeochemical cycle describes the movement of substance around the world, the study of this is inherently multidisciplinary. The carbon cycle may be related to research in ecology and atmospheric sciences. Biochemical dynamics will also be related to geology and pedology (soil studies).
Biogeochemical cycle function
- They help the ecosystem function.
- They facilitate element storage.
- They enable the transformation of matter from one form to another.
- They regulate the flow of substances.
See also
References
Further reading
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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