Testicular self-examination is a medical practice by which external feeling of the testicles can act as a first-warning for testicular cancer.
Testicular cancer is a significant killer of teenage boys and younger men (roughly ages 15-35 or 40), but doctors do not systematically recommend self-examination.
Video Testicular self-examination
Procedure and Diagnosis
Men from puberty onwards should examine their testes after a hot shower or bath, when the scrotum is looser, and while standing. They should first examine each testicle separately, feeling for lumps, and then compare them to see whether one is larger than the other. By doing this each month, males will become familiar with what is normal for them.
Their testicles should be examined by a doctor if they notice any of the following:
- a lump in one testicle
- pain or tenderness in the testicles, then, later, in the scrotum, penis, and near the inguinal (groin area) lymph nodes and in the thighs; in distant metastatic illness, in the back or chest (usually pain is seen later in the course of the cancer)
- blood in semen during ejaculation (a small amount once is not necessarily cause for worry and rarely is caused by testicular cancer; when it does occur it may be later in the course of the cancer or may occur if a blood vessel has been injured) or blood in the urine (hematuria, which is nearly always pathological and should be investigated by a doctor in any event)
- build-up of fluid in the scrotum
- a change in the size of one testicle or the relative sizes of the two (but it is normal for one testicle to be (and stay) slightly larger than the other, and for one to hang slightly lower than the other)
Some symptoms of testicular cancer (which is usually painless, however, in the early stages are common to other disorders of the male urinary tract and reproductive organs, which may also need medical attention from a doctor. These include hydrocele testis, a varicocele, a spermatocele, other genitourinary cancers, urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections, or testicular torsion. These are all conditions that should be investigated by a doctor; some of these disorders need quick treatment to preserve reproductive and urinary function and one's health and life.
Maps Testicular self-examination
Evidence and Practice
Practitioners may recommend testicular self-exam (TSE) if you have risk factors:
- Family history of testicular cancer
- Past testicular tumor
- Undescended testicle.
- Testicular Atrophy
However, there is no medical consensus for recommendations on TSE. It is not clear that TSE without presenting symptoms would decrease risk of dying from testicular cancer. Although the intent of screening is to decrease mortality and increase quality of life, the benefit of TSE is uncertain; thus, the US Preventative Services Task Force and the Royal Australasian College of General Practitioners recommend against routine screening while the American Cancer Society recommends TSE for men over the age of 20, and the European Association of Urology recommends TSE for men with risk factors.
Testicular self-examination has generally low rates of practice in part because males are poorly informed, but also because of psychological aversion. Comparatively woman are more diligent in performing breast self-examination than men. A person's likeliness to perform self-examination is related to their fear of developing cancer. In addition to sex there is some reason to believe that socioeconomic factors also relate to frequency of examination.
Sometimes, if a young adult male has a spouse or partner, the spouse/partner will perform or assist in the exam, which can be done as a form of sex play and/or foreplay. The spouse or partner often is the one that spots testicular changes without formal screening.
See also
- Breast self-examination
- Well-woman examination
References
External links
- Channel 4 - How To Check Your Testicles (video)
- checkemlads.com - Testicular cancer support and awareness, run by survivors
- Teen-friendly article about self-examination
- Better Than Sex Ed: Testicular Self-Exam
- Testicular cancer support
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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